Planning (Types of planning, Planning process, Principles of planning, Planning machinery in Pakistan) Lecture # 09

Definition and Meaning Fritz Morstein Marx says, “Planning is preparation for action. It is the vital first step in any major administrative action. Planning is means to an end. It is the process of formulating objectives to be realized by administrative enterprise”. John D. Millet says, “Planning is process of determining the objectives of administrative effort and devising the means calculated to achieve them”. He also says, “Planning is the simply endeavor to apply foresight to human activity, planning anticipate desired results and prepared the steps necessary for their realization”. Those who fail to plan, actually plan to fail.

Types of Planning Development Planning Economic Planning Administrative Planning

Planning Process There is no one best defined process of planning. Steps involved vary from person to person and situation to situation. Steps involved in planning are not rigid. Here, Seckler Hudson steps in planning are given: Problem definition Exploration of information Defining possible alternatives Experimenting one or more tentative solutions Evaluation Reconsideration, readjustment or re-decision

Principles of Planning Unity of plan Continuity of plan Timing of the plan Suppleness of plan Precision in planning

Planning Machinery Most countries of the world have established a planning agency of one kind or another for the planning of economy and administration. The structure, composition and the internal organization may vary from country to country but the functions they perform are almost similar. It is not the responsibility of a single agency and it requires the consent and advice of the whole representative institutions. Planning agency is involved throughout in the planning process form formulation to implementation and then post implementation. Head of planning agency vary in different government systems. Staff of planning is selected from variety of specialists and generalists.

Planning in Pakistan Planning machinery Planning Commission Planning and development department / Board District Government / Zila Councils Sanctioning Machinery Federal Level NEC ECNEC CDWP Provincial Level PDWP Departmental Sub-committee District Level Zila Council

Development Planning The Colombo Plan First Five-Year Plan Second Five-Year Plan Third Five-Year Plan Fourth Five-Year Plan Fifth Five-Year Plan Sixth Five-Year Plan Seventh Five-Year Plan Eight Five-Year Plan