The Middle Ages in Europe and in Islamic Civilization CHW3M Not dark ages

Hagia Sophia built by Justinian, in Istanbul, formerly a church, became a mosque in 1453 Seven Wonders of the Medieval World, Hagia Sophia: The Place of Holy Wisdom, 2012, (Dec. 4, 2015)

Preserved Viking ship and image from the Bayeux Tapestry showing the Norman invasion of England PBS, Nova: Secrets of Viking Ships, 2000, (Dec. 4, 2015)

Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris (Gothic – ) Encyclopedia Britannica, Notre Dame Cathedral, 2015, (Dec. 4, 2015)

Stained glass window from Chartres Cathedral, France PBS, Nova – Medieval Stained Glass Science, 2010, (Dec. 4, 2015)

Scholars at a library in Baghdad, 1237 Wikipedia, Islamic Golden Age, Dec. 1, 2105, (Dec 4, 2015)

The Crusades – Christian Europeans vs. Muslim Middle Easterners ( ) BBC, Bitesize: The Crusades, 2015, (Dec. 4, 2015)

Burying of plague (Black Death) victims Eyewitness to History, the Black Death, 2001, (Dec. 4, 2015)

Themes 1. Conflict and Advancements 2. Dominance of the Catholic Church 3. Advancements in Islamic civilization British Museum, Explore/highlights, Double-edged Sword, , N.d., edged_sword.aspx (Dec. 3, 2013). edged_sword.aspx English knight’s sword, high middle ages

Divisions of Christianity After 1500s Until 1500s Originally ChristianityCatholicism ProtestantismLutheranismAnglicanismCalvinismPresbyterianism Eastern Orthodox

Timeline: Growth of Christianity in Medieval Europe Date (CE)Description Constantine / tolerates Pope / Patriarch / independent 380Theodorus / heresy Justinian’s / Christian / anti-pagan / heretics Monks / nuns / monasteries / religion 711, 1492Moors / Muslims / Grenada Late 500s/600s Anglo Saxon / Ireland and Wales 1054Excommunicated / schism (division)

Date (CE)Description 1095Crusade / Holy Land / 500 / 1000s 1478, 1492Spanish Inquisition / Jews and Muslims / refused to convert to Christianity / exiled from Spain 1517Protestant Reformation / Martin Luther

Key Words Pagan Infidel Monk Nun Monastery Heresy / heretic Schism Inquisition Exile Protestant Reformation

Key People Pope (e.g., Urban II) Patriarch Constantine Justinian Moors Jews Muslims

Key Practices Conversion Excommunication

HOMEWORK TAKEUP (DAY 1)

Medieval Multiple Choice What is primogeniture? – A) When land is eaten by someone who likes pasta – B) When the youngest son inherits all the land – C) When the eldest son inherits all the land from a noble father – D) When the eldest son inherits all the land from his peasant father

Con’t Whose Christian Roman Empire came first? – Constantine – Justinian Who didn’t invade Europe during the Middle Ages? – A) Vikings – B) Romans – C) Muslims – D) Magyars

Con’t What was another name for the Eastern Roman Empire? – A) China – B) Mongolia – C) Byzantium – D) Vikingland

S Words Sacred or secular? – Priests, monks and nuns provided medical services – Priests performed baptisms, marriages and other rituals – Many cathedrals were built during prosperous times – Many Germanic tribes converted to Christianity

Match WordDescription/definition _____PaganaWord used by Christians to describe non- Christians in a very negative light _____InfidelbWomen who pray and live apart from society _____MonkcMen who pray and live apart from society _____NundGoing against Christian practices and beliefs _____MonasteryeNon-Christian religion with multiple gods _____HeresyfSoldier _____InquisitiongA campaign to eradicate heresy

Middle Ages Lists One of these words just doesn’t belong in each group. – A) Patriarch, Constantinople, Rome – B) Moors, monks, Muslims, Spain – C) Monks, nuns, heretics, monasteries – D) Cathedral, pagan, heretic, excommunication

Sensible Sentences Which sentence(s) make(s) sense? – A) A serf is more powerful than a lord. – B) A lord may grant land and protection to a vassal. – C) Excommunication is a good thing if you are seen as a heretic by the pope. – D) There was a schism in Christianity between Moors and pagans.

Feudalism Context – Background – An age of invasions Landowners build defensive forts (LORDS) – Ordinary people are willing to give up their freedom in order to receive protection from lords (SERFS) Feudalism is a system of relationships related to land-owning and land-working Metropolitan Museum of Art, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Arms and Armor in Medieval Europe, , (Dec. 3, 2013). Ostrogothic helmet, 6 th century

Apprenticeship of a Knight Arrange the following stages in the correct order: – Knight, page, squire Which stage had most freedom? Which stage was basically an education? Which stage was basically service and practice? Which stage was basically “the real thing?” British Museum, Explore/Highlights, State of a Knight, , N.d., (Dec. 3, 2013).

Con’t How does the apprenticeship of a knight reinforce continuity in Middle Ages society?

Crusades Alexius asked _________ to help him _______________ the Turks. The Pope was gaining ___________ and hoped to take over ________________. How to kill in the name of God when Jesus said “turn the other cheek?” – It is only a _________ to kill Christians – It is OK to kill _______________ – It is your ______________ to kill for God

Con’t What incentives were offered to Christian Crusaders? – They would be freed from penalties for ___ they’ve committed. – They can take their enemy’s _____________________ – If you die while fighting your sins will be _________________ How did Urban II use propaganda in his speech at Clermont?

Crusades Video Key words Holy war Penance Salvation Hell Sin Heaven Infidel Crusader King Louis IX of France portrayed in stained glass window ( ) carrying relics back from the Holy Land Metropolitan Museum of Art, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Stained Glass Panel, , (Dec. 3, 2013).

Crusades, Overview Effects – Military – Trade – Unintended