Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education Session 6C: Skills Development in TVET Entrepreneurship Education in Post-Primary Education and Training: Case Study from Botswana Jakes Swartland ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education Problem statement  How can govts & stakeholders facilitate & contribute to successful Entrepreneurship Education and training (EE)?  Emphasis on preparation of programs and institutions – better outcomes of training?  Study focus on organization of process, co- operation with external partners in policy and program development ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education Research methodology  Time and budget limitations (familiar?!)  Review of documents, interviews with key personnel and beneficiaries, visits to training institutions, industries, parastatals, NGOs  Relevant data not available: comprehensive tracer studies, comparative data from institutions in other contexts using different approaches ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education Main findings  EE is being offered in PP General and TVET  EE is included as a compulsory Core skill/ subject in BTEP at Technical Colleges  BTEP: Wide range of programs; 4 levels: Foundation, Certificate, Advanced Certificate and Diploma (2009)  Today, only Foundation & Certificate courses  High level of female participation (54%) ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education Main findings cont.  Tracer study 2007: 50% of responding candidates are employed / in further studies  Graduates’ satisfaction is high, but they perceive college tutors as poorly qualified  Employers are confused by the program  Low rate of self-employment among graduates, higher among women than men  Lack of access to capital allegedly a major obstacle to small entrepreneurs ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education Main lessons learned  Important to co-operate with stakeholders in development of EE and TVET policy and programs to ensure relevance & quality  Realistic practice is crucial to TVET and EE  Marketing of new programs to the industry is important: improves graduate employability  Courses at different levels should be implemented consecutively with no delays ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa

Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education Conclusions: Main messages  EE and TVET looks promising in terms of income-generation and poverty reduction  TVET programs should always be combined with EE  EE should be offered in general education and TVET alike  Preparation of institutions, and motivated and qualified tutors are prerequisites for successful TVET and EE ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa