The effects organisms in a community have on one another Species Interactions The effects organisms in a community have on one another This includes both omnivore/carnivore stuff as well as predation/parasitism stuff

Types of species interactions Predation Mutualism Competition Commensalism

How do species interactions affect the two species involved? Draw the graph up on the board – fill it in as you go along (ask the kids to tell you where each one goes) How do species interactions affect the two species involved?

Predation When an animal eats another animal or plant Carnivores Herbivores Parasites

Carnivores Animals that only eat other animals Shark eating seal: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-t2ayKadD0 Carnivores Animals that only eat other animals

Herbivores Animals that only eat plants

Parasites An animal or plant that eats the tissues of another plant or animal without killing it The animal the parasite eats is called a host Sometimes parasites kill their host very slowly This is a tongue-eating louse – it attaches itself to the base of the fish’s tongue, then destroys the tongue and takes its place. It lives on the fish’s blood or mucus from then on.

Mutualism Clown fish in a sea anemone – the sea anemone provides protection for the clownfish with its stinging cells, and the clownfish scare away butterfly fish that would otherwise eat the anemone When two animals or plants interact in a way that helps both of them

Cleaner Wrasse http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMFiI2at1p4

Symbiosis Many coral polyps have a symbiotic relationship with algae that live inside their cells. The algae get energy from the sun through photosynthesis, and they give some of their energy to the coral polyps in return for nutrients the polyps get from eating tiny animals and detritus. A type of mutualism where two organism depend on each other to survive

Competition Competition can be between animals of different species or the same species When two animals or plants compete for resources, hurting both of their chances for survival

This is a better example of competition between species

Competition within a species

Commensalism When one animal or plant uses another animal or plant to help it survive, but does not affect the other animal in any way The whale shark is huge, and is unaffected, but the remoras get protection, transport (they can attach to the shark’s skin) and any extra food dropped by the shark

Detritivores and Decomposers Plants, animals and fungi that eat and decompose dead things and poop Detritivores can eat chunks of dead matter, but decomposers must absorb nutrients on a molecular level. I researched this but could not find which type of species interaction this was. Which one do you think it is, class?

In your groups . . . You must have at least one parasite, one herbivore, and One carnivore