Tourism and Conservation: the Monteverde Experience Noemi Danao, Executive Director MONTEVERDE INSTITUTE September 2006
What enabled Monteverde to become a premier tourist destination and “poster child” for conservation and sustainable ecotourism?
What is Monteverde? Monte Verde: political definition –District 9, Cantón (County) de Puntarenas, Province of Puntarenas Monteverde: human community/settlement Monteverde zone: economic (agriculture, tourism), both sides of continental divide
Monteverde: a cloud forest
What makes Monteverde unique? Largest private reserve system in Central America (75,000+ acres) Density of biological diversity: 6 different life zones History, social/cultural context
Monteverde: Foundings Precolombian inhabitation by Corobici aborigenes (related to Mayan culture) 1900 Guacimal Land Co. (Gold mines): workers came up in hunting trips Settlers in the Cerro Plano, Monteverde, Santa Elena area (providing crops and supplies for the Mining Co.) farms in Monteverde area farmers lived in the Monteverde area
Santa Elena in the 1950s
Coming to Monteverde, April 19, 1951 Quaker Settlement
Settling in Monteverde
Early challenges
Stabilizing economic and social structures
Early Sustainability Forest preservation (watershed protection) Connection to the land Stable economic base (dairy, coffee) Social cohesion and support Cultural continuity Relative isolation (almost closed system)
First Steps to Conservation
Community Involvement Quaker community Productores de Monteverde (Dairy plant) Cooperativa Santa Elena Development Associations Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve NGOs: Monteverde Conservation League, Monteverde Institute, civic committees Municipal Government (2003)
Successes of Local Organizations Extensive land conservation and preservation Large scale reforestation Environmental education Community involvement Emergence of organizations that meet new needs
Challenges that face the region Global climate change National context Tourism boom (and bust?) in Monteverde Increasing pressure on social, economic, and physical environment
The changing Monteverde zone
Population growth trends
Challenges to sustainability Cerro Plano, 1991 Cerro Plano, 2001 Cerro Plano, 2010 Cerro Plano, 2020
Traffic Projection: Cerro Plano 2001 Source: Sustainable Futures 2001
Traffic Projection: Cerro Plano 2020 Source: Sustainable Futures 2001
Monteverde: Closing Reflections Conservation – unintended road to tourism (and development) Monteverde: a cloud forest, a protected area, a story Challenges: living up to image, building on achievements, finding a sustainable balance
Questions? Thank you!