1914-1918. Why the German Plan Failed Stalemate: why neither side could gain an advantage Impact of the new weapons of war Total War, propaganda, and.

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Presentation transcript:

Why the German Plan Failed Stalemate: why neither side could gain an advantage Impact of the new weapons of war Total War, propaganda, and the Home Front New Allies: 1917 Events of 1918: how the war ended The Great War: MAIN IDEAS:

Russia stronger than expected Belgium resists Britain enters the war “Miracle of the Marne” halts German attack Schlieffen Plan Fails

STALEMATE ON THE WESTERN FRONT AUSTRIA- HUNGARY GERMANY FRANCE ITALY RUSSIA

A major factor of the First World War was that on the battlefield, the defense had the advantage over the offense.

Role of Technology: NEW WEAPONS OF WAR

Machine Gun

Heavy Artillery

Heavy Artillery Guns

Gas shells exploding in front of trenches Mustard gas victim

U-Boats

Battles of Verdun and the Somme

Battle of the Some

Territory gained by Attacks at Verdun and the Somme

For the first time in history, propaganda plays a major part in warfare. The major theme was German brutality, especially in Belgium.

THE EASTERN FRONT

1917: Allies Change Revolutions in Russia –March Revolution: Fall of the Czar –Nov. Revolution: Communist (Bolshevik Revolution): Lenin US enters the War –U-boat warfare –Zimmermann Telegram –Ties to Allies

Events of 1918  Woodrow Wilson: Fourteen Points  Spring German Offensive fails  US troops arrive in large numbers  Fall Allied offensive gains ground  German collapse at home  Armistice: Nov. 11, 1918

The Western Front in 1918

World War I Casualties

U.S ,000 men Italy-- 500,000 men Austria-- 800,000 men Britain -- 1 million men France million men Germany--1.5 million men Russia-- 2 million men MILITARY DEATHS

10 MILLION SOLDIERS KILLED 10 MILLION CIVILIANS KILLED 20 MILLION SEVERLY INJURED SHELL SHOCK SPANISH INFLUENZA EPIDENIC KILLS ANOTHER 20 MILLION DEVASTATION DURING AND AFTER THE WAR…

Total War Industrial weapons of masskilling Extreme Nationalism Civilians targeted Genocide: Turks slaughter Armenians Communist Revolution Terrorism New Horrors for a New Century

CONCLUSION World War I has been called a “War with many causes but no objectives.” This profound sense of waste and pointlessness will shape European politics in the post- war period.