Parasitic Helminths and Arthropod Agents and Vectors of Diseases.

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Presentation transcript:

Parasitic Helminths and Arthropod Agents and Vectors of Diseases

Parasitic Helminths and Arthropod Agents and Vectors of Diseases Objectives: By the end of this lecture the student should be able to : Name the three main groups of parasitic helminths and their characteristic morphological features. Describe the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides as an example of parasitic heminths. Discuss the role of arthropods as agents and as vectors of diseases in humans. Give examples of the main arthropod vectors of diseases.

Helminths Protozoa Mulicellular Specialized cells Unicellular Single cell for all function Round worms (Nematodes) cylindrical, unsegmented Flat worms 1-Trematodes: leaf-like, unsegmented. 2-Cestodes: tape-like, segmented Amoebae: move by psudobodia. Flagellates: move by flagella. Ciliates : move by cilia Apicomplexa (sporozoa) Tissue parasites Classification of Parasites

Nematodes General features : 1. Elongated worm, cylindrical, unsegmented and tapering at both ends. 2. Variable in size, measure <1 cm to about 100cm. 3. Sex separate and male is smaller than female

Location of helminths in the body: Intestinal helminths Tissue helminths

Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)

The commonest human helminthes infection. Found in jejunum and upper part of ileum. Female ± 20 cm longer than male ± 10 cm Feed on semi digested food. Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)

Ascaris lumbricoides

The Trematodes

Taenia saginata

MEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF ARTHROPODS 1)As aetiologic agents (causes) of diseases. Tissue damage Induction of hypersensitivity reactions. Injection of poisons Entomophobia (acarophobia) 2) As vectors of diseases: I: Mechanical transmission - simple carriage of pathogens. II: Biological transmission: - cyclical - propagative - cyclopropagative III: Transovarian transmission

Important arthropod vectors for human diseases House fly (Musca domestica) Mechanical transmission of many viruses, bacteria and parasites. Mosquitoes البعوض Anopheles :malaria filariasis Culex: filariasis, viruses Aedes: yellow fever, dengue fever, Rift Valley Fever Lice القمل Body louse: vector for: Relapsing fever, typhus and trench fever. Fleas البراغيث Rat flea is vector for plague due to Yersinia pestis. Ticks القراد Soft ticks, some are vestors for : Borrela duttoni Hard ticks Include vectors for Babesiosis (protozoa), Q fever, and Rocky mountain spotted fever : Tse tse fly (Glossina) ذبابة التسي Vector for African Trynanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness) Black fly (Simulium)الذبابة السوداء Vector for Onchocerca (river blindness) Sand fly (Phlebotomus) ذبابة الرمل Vectors for leishmania and sandfly fever virus. Cyclops Vector for Dracunculus medinensis

LICE Louse(singular), Lice (pleural) Pediculus humanus

Mosquitoes : Cosmopolitan, more than 3000 species. Larval and pupal stages always aquatic Mouth parts in female adapted to piercing and sucking blood. Genus and species distinguished by morphology of adult and deveopmetal stages.

Phlebotomus ( sand fly)