The 1920s….  Political  Social/Cultural  Economic

The 1920s….Political Birth of Progressive Party Rights movements Commonwealth replaces Empire King-Byng Affair

Progressive Party Western Party Farmer’s rights Don’t believe in hierarchy Free votes in Commons Ended up splitting – one part with Liberals – the other part became the Progressive Conservatives: The 1920s….Political

Rights Movements Suffrage – Women’s right to vote – Aboriginal right to vote Labour – Winnipeg General Strike The 1920s….Political

Statute of Westminster Equality Formal independence for colonies British Parliament can no longer pass an act that has effect in the dominions without consent - disallowance Canada has its own Supreme Court (1949) Last major change until 1982 EmpireCommonwealth The 1920s….Political

King-Byng Affair Mackenzie King is Prime Minister 1925 Election: Tories win more seats but King holds on to power with Progressives Customs Scandal: King requests dissolution Byng says no Byng asks Meighen to form government Meighen’s govt. falls – election that King wins The 1920s….Political Why is K-B Historically Significant? Revealing (enduring /emerging issues) Remembered Consequences

The 1920s….Political

A conversation about the role of Governor General is really a conversation about…. Elected vs. unelected power GG Senate Constitutional monarchy vs. Republic If not Queen/King of England as Head of State, then what?

The 1920s….Social/Cultural Art and Religion French Canada Social Safety Net- Pensions

Religion Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregationalists become the United Church of Canada Religion and Immigration Religion and Prohibition Protestantism vs. Catholicism Loss of faith The 1920s….Social/Cultural

Canadian Art flourishing: - Group of Seven in Toronto, some were war artists – celebrated Canadian wilderness Emily Carr in B.C. The 1920s….Social/Cultural Art

Group of Seven

Emily Carr

French Canada Dominated by English Business Les Canadiens isolated and rural - kept this way by church and politicians to protect culture The 1920s….Social/Cultural

Pensions Improvements in health care and living standards mean population is living longer, but, living longer without income Committee produces draft bill and a legal opinion that this issue was ultra vires for the Federal Government (property and civil rights) Mixed results election- power of opposition in minority/coalition governments Labour, Progressives and Liberals draft bill, passes easily in HOC Senate resists, refuses to pass election- Pension a ballot box question, Liberals win, Pension Plan passes HOC and Senate.

The 1920s….Social/Cultural Pensions Qualifications (1920s): British Subjects Over age of 70 Lived in Canada for 20 years Lived in applicant province for past 5 years Means test (<$365/year) Title transferred to Pension Authority Women- only if a widow Aboriginals- none Modern Canada Pension PlanCanada Pension Plan

Economics Mass consumption – Credit/advertising Mass production – Assembly Line (Henry Ford) – War industry producing commercial goods Mass credit – Buying on margin in the stock market Mass media Urbanization Tariffs The 1920s….Economic

Closed Empire British investment dries up because of wartime debt American Branch Plant set up in Canada to sell to Empire New Zealand Britain Australia South Africa Canada India United States The 1920s….Economic