Soviet Montage, 1925-1933 Lecture 17
Dialectics of Form: Eisenstein: “The shot and montage are the basic elements of cinema” “The shot appears as the cell of montage.” (organic metaphor) “So, montage is conflict.” THEN: There must be conflict in the shot as well.
Conflict within the shot 1) Shot (enframed image)— Graphic conflict Conflict of planes Conflict of volume Light conflict Spatial conflict Conflict between matter and viewpoint (ex: canted and other camera angles) Conflict between matter and its spatial nature (ex: optical distortion) Conflict between an event and its temporal nature (ex: slow motion, fast motion, stop-motion) Conflict between optical complex and different sphere (ex: conflict between image and sound)
Graphic conflict within the shot
Conflict of volume, light, planes, space
Graphic Conflict/Light Conflict
Conflict of volumes
Spatial conflict (conflict of depth)
Conflict Between Matter and Viewpoint (ex: camera angles)
From Man with a Movie Camera Conflict between matter and its spatial nature (ex: optical distortion) From Man with a Movie Camera
Conflict between an event and its temporal nature (ex: slow motion, fast motion, stop-motion)
Conflict between shots (in editing) 2) Montage (editing)—conflict between shots Graphic conflict Conflict of planes Conflict of volume Light conflict Spatial conflict Tempo conflict Association montage Intellectual montage Physiological effects produced by optical means Emotional effects produced by psychological means New Ideas and attitudes
Conflict between shots (in editing)
Tempo Conflict
Tempo Conflict
Eisenstein: “Association Montage” Produces emotional effects by psychological means
Ex: “Association Montage” non-diegetic insert From Strike (1925)
Eisenstein: “Intellectual Montage” Produces new ideas and attitudes
Eisenstein: “Intellectual Montage” Each shot is like an ideogram Ideogram—a written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it
Ex 1: “Intellectual Montage” non-diegetic insert Overlapping editing From October (1927) Kerensky, stairs, and the mechanical peacock