Philosophy of Education CHAPTER 8 EDF 1005 SADKER 9TH EDITION

Finding Your Philosophy of Education Do I have a Philosophy of Education? Why do I teach the way I do? Take inventory pages 274 - 278 & bring result to class. Sadker 9th Edition

Essentialism (Teacher Centered ) Classroom Core Curriculum Master Then Promotion Teacher Intellectual Model Moral Role Model What Is “Basic?” Less Is More Single Topics More Depth Back to Basics Essentials Academic Knowledge Patriotism Character Development Neoessentialism Core Graduation Requirements Stronger Standards More Testing Teachers & Students William Bagley E.D. Hirsch Cultural Literacy Sadker 8th Edition

Perennialism (Teacher Centered) “Everlasting” Enduring Themes Questions that span the ages Great Book Develop Rational Critical Thinking Prepare Intellectually Gifted Leaders Often Religious Classroom Reading Most Important No Electives Teacher Discussion Leaders Current Topics Not Included “Training the Mind” Paideia Core / Single Curriculum Sadker 8th Edition

Progressive (Student Centered) Less Authoritarian Prepare Students’ For Changing Future Learner at Center of Educational Process Student’s Concerns Curiosity Real World Experiences Pragmatism If it works, do it! Supports Democracy John Dewey Learn Best Through Social Interaction in the Real World Analyze and Draw Conclusions Standardized Tests -Not AS Important Classroom Laboratory School – University of Chicago Experience Experiment Book Learning No Substitute for Real Experience Cooperative Learning Project Approach Scientific Method Teacher/Facilitator Sadker 8th Edition

Social Reconstructionism (Student Centered) Classroom Teacher introduces Topics Student Drive Inquiry Democratic Classroom Projects with Real Social Value Paulo Freire Social Darwinism Society sorts and more talented raise to the top Praxis Actions based on sound theory and practice Teacher Competency Exam George Counts (1920) Dewey’s Student Schools Lead Social Change Create More Just Social Order Social Problems Rooted in Ignorance Students Select Educational Objectives Jane Roland Martin “Schoolhomes” 3 C’s Caring Concern Connection Sadker 8th Edition

Existentialism (Student Centered) Classroom Opposite Essentialism Create Environment For students to “find their way” Math/Science Not Emphasized Learning Self-paced Self-directed Sudbury Valley School The “Individual” Determines Truth Student Finds Meaning and Direction of Their Lives Adults Should Not Direct Learning Define Life's Meaning School Help Define Why am I here? What is my purpose? Sadker 8th Edition

Constructivism (Psychological Influences) Learner Must Construct All Knowledge Piaget & Vygotsky Learning Constant Effort Assimilate New Information Scaffolding Teacher Builds New Knowledge on Prior Knowledge Link New Knowledge to Prior Knowledge Sadker 8th Edition

Behaviorism (Psychological Influences) Free will is an Illusion Humans Entirely Shaped by Environment People Act in Response to Physical Stimuli B. F. Skinner Positive Reinforcement Behavior Modification Lee and Marlene Canter Assertive Discipline Sadker 8th Edition

Cultural Influences on Education Ethnocentrism Viewing One’s Culture of Superior to Others Informal Education Children Learn From Adults and Older Children Observing, Helping, Imitating Oral Tradition Spoken Language Becomes Primary Method of Instruction Sadker 8th Edition

Classical Western Philosophy Socrates (469-399 B.C.E.) Socratic Method Questioning Students to Think, Draw Answers Plato (427-347 B. C.E.) Student of Socrates Founded The Academy First University Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) Alexander the Great Lyceum Highest Good – A Virtuous Life Golden Mean Sadker 8th Edition

Basic Philosophical Issues Metaphysics Origin & Structure of Reality Reality of Our World Epistemology Nature and Origins of Human Knowledge Materialism Existence of only the Physical = Existence of Matter Public School Science Curriculum Study of Nature Through Scientific Method Material World Is Real Sadker 8th Edition

Ethics, Political Philosophy, Aesthetics, Logic Study of Good and Bad Political Philosophy Past and Present Societies Are Arranged Governed to Create Better Societies (Schools) Aesthetics The nature of Beauty Logic Reasoning Deductive Reasoning General Rule Application Inductive Reasoning Generalizations Made After Specific Observations Sadker 8th Edition

Eclectic Philosophy Yes Changes With Experience and Situations and Students Ask Field Experience Teacher if Her/His Philosophy Has Changed Sadker 8th Edition