Three Empires and Many Cultures Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal
The Five Pillars of Islam 1. No God but God 2. Salat: (worship) five per day 3. Zakat: alms-giving 4. Fast during month of Ramadan 5. Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca History and Misunderstandings The Three Gunpowder Empires The Ottoman Empire
Steppe bureaucracies:Turkish, Mongol people Dynastic states, military creations, personal command, king owned land Autocratic authority of rulers All leaders of the Sufi order or closely associated with it Agriculture economics were at foundation of Islamic empires All significant change 16th to 18th centuries, Safavid disappeared entirely