Habitat Loss Orange County, California. Desertification Desertification is the conversion of grassland and savanna habitat into relatively sparse, unproductive.

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Presentation transcript:

Habitat Loss Orange County, California

Desertification Desertification is the conversion of grassland and savanna habitat into relatively sparse, unproductive vegetation The main cause of desertification is overgrazing by livestock

Rio Puerco Basin NM

Rio Puerco Basin

Rio Puerco Today

Overgrazing – Texas and England Left good, right overgrazed

Wetlands Wetlands are lands that are transitional between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

Freshwater Wetland Types

General Locations of U.S. Wetlands

Crane Species 1. Eurasian Crane, 2. Black-necked crane, 3. Munktrana, 4. Sandhill Crane, 5. Whooping Crane, 6. Japanese crane, 7. White-naped Crane, 8. Sarus Crane, 9. Australian Crane, 10. Siberian Crane, 11. Wattled Crane, 12. Demoiselle Crane, 13. Blue Crane, 14. Black Crowned Crane, 15. Grey Crowned Crane

Grey Crowned Crane

Habitat Fragmentation Fragmentation is the breakdown of a habitat or ecosystem into smaller patches of that habitat or ecosystem that now are isolated from each other

Habitat Fragmentation

Island Biogeography

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace

The Galapagos

Galapagos Tortoise

Galapagos Mockingbirds

Galapagos Mockingbirds collected by Darwin

Malay Archipelago

Beetles and Moths Collected by A.R. Wallace

Butterflies from Malay Archipelago

Sphingid Butterfly Diversity Malay Archipelago

Island Habitats in Baltic Sea

Reptile and Amphibian Species Area Curve for Caribbean Islands

Habitat Islands In the Great Basin Bird Species Mammal Species

Species Area Curve S = cA z where: S = number of species A = area of island c = constant for habitat type - forest, desert, grassland, etc. z = slope of curve

Ant species On New Guinea and Nearby Islands

Real Slopes for Species-Area Curves Oceanic islandsbirds - New Guinea islands z=0.22 beetles - West Indiesz=0.34 land plants - Channel Islandsz=0.37 Habitat islandsbirds - Andes paramo z=0.29 birds - mtns of Great Basin z=0.165 mammals - mtns of Great Basin z=0.326 inverts -caves in West Virginia z=0.72

Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson - originators of the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography

Ruffed Grouse by Audubon

Ruffed Grouse – male mating display

Apostle Islands – Lake Superior

Krakatau – before and after 1883 eruption

Aerial photo of Anak Krakatau and Krakatau

Krakatau today

Mangrove islands off the Florida coast

Mangrove Island Close-Up

Dan Simberloff on Mandolin Nick Gotelli on Guitar

Simberloff’s defaunation experiment on Mangroves

Bracken Fern

Bracken Fern - Australia

Number of species found on Bracken Fern

Picture Winged Drosophila

Picture Winged Drosophila – more than 500 species from 1 ancestor

Cichlid Diversity

African Rift Lakes

Cichlids from Lake Tanganyika (left) and Lake Malawi (right)