doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide Presentation to the ECSG on White Space Author: Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures, including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Carl R. Stevenson as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at. R. Abstract This contribution illustrates the work carried out by the WG over the last 5 years in developing the Wireless Regional Area Network standard to be used in TV White Space.

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 2 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 3 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 4 IEEE RAN “Regional Area Network” IEEE Standards 30 km MHz Multipath absorption Window (Cyclic prefix ) μsec μsec 23 Mbit/s BW= 6,7,8 MHz

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 5 Rural Broadband: - Cable-modem / ADSL - WiFi hot-spots in ISM bands - Higher power, lower frequency broadband access system 30 km 23 km 16 km MAC Long round-trip delays QPSK 16-QAM 64-QAM PHY Adaptive modulation - Medium power wireless systems 5 km

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 6 Typical CPE installation Sensing antenna GPS antenna TX/RX WRAN Antenna

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide WRAN System Capacity and Coverage

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 8 Characteristics of WRAN 30 km 23 km 16 km QPSK 16-QAM 64-QAM Max throughput per 6 MHz: DS: 7.8 Mbit/s (net: 3.89 Mbit/s) US: 768 kbit/s (net: 384 kbit/s) Max throughput per 6 MHz: 23 Mbit/s (net: Mbit/s) Minimum service availability: location= 50% time= 99.9% Base station power: 100 W Antenna height: 75 m User terminal (CPE) power: 4 W antenna height: 10 m

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide Reference Architecture

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide Reference Architecture

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 11 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 12 Coexistence among communications systems in TV White Space Self- coexistence

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 13 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 14 WRAN CPE and DTV protection DTV WRAN

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 15 DTV station DTV noise-limited contour 135 km Keep-out distance between DTV and WRAN: 30 km 23 km 15 km QPSK 16-QAM 64-QAM Max throughput per 6 MHz: 4.2 Mbit/s downstream 384 kbit/s upstream Max throughput per 6 MHz: 23 Mbit/s Minimum service availability: location= 50% time= 99.9% Base station power: 100 W Antenna height: 75 m User terminal (CPE) power: 4 W antenna height: 10 m CPE keep-out distance: Co-channel: 3.1 km Adjacent channel: 130 m BS keep-out distance: Co-channel: 31 km Adjacent channel: 1 km DTV signal: 30 dB above noise level F(50,1) DTV signal: 15 dB above noise level F(50,1)

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 16 DTV TX (1 MW ERP, 300 m) 100 W WRAN Base Station 31.3 km 3.5 km 30.8 km 118 km CPE keep-out distance 100 W WRAN base station keep- out distance km 32.6 dB(uV/m) 41 dB(uV/m) F(50, 90) 40.0 dB(uV/m) km 4 W WRAN Base Station 16.8 km 16.2 km 4 W WRAN base station keep-out distance 36.3 dB(uV/m) WRAN keep-out distance: Minimum field strength: 41 dB(uV/m) Protection ratio: 23 dB CPE antenna front-to-back: 14 dB Interfering field strength: 32 dB(uV/m) Co-channel keep-out distance between DTV and WRAN

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 17 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 18 TV sensing techniques Blind –Energy detection –Eigenvalue sensing (MME, EME) Multi-resolution (MRSS) Signal specific –ATSC Sequence correlation sensing ATSC signature Pilot recovery Single ATSC data field Multiple ATSC data fields Sync segment –ATSC FFT-based Pilot sensing –ATSC Pilot sensing technique using high order statistics –ATSC PLL-based Pilot sensing technique Dual FPLL pilot sensing –ATSC Pilot covariance sensing technique Covariance based sensing

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 19 TV sensing techniques Spectral correlation sensing technique –Sensing for one TV band Sensing procedure for TV signals –Sensing for multiple TV channel band Selection of frequency components: emphasizing near Parts with abrupt changes ATSC cyclostationary sensing technique

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 20 DTV Broadcast Incumbent Sensing ATSC FFT-based Pilot Sensing Technique (Philips) 1 ms sensing window will allow a 32-point FFT while a 5 ms window will allow a 256-point FFT FFT applied around the pilot carrier

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 21 DTV Broadcast Incumbent Sensing Sensing techniques performance comparison

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 22 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 23 WRAN coverage and co-channel operation with wireless microphones R1 R2 Minimum WRAN field strength: 29 dB(uV/m) Area where, if wireless microphones are present, the BS cannot operate on the same TV channel Area where, if wireless microphones are present, the nearby CPEs need to either change frequency or reduce their transmit power Edge of coverage of the WRAN BS (e.g., 17 km for 4 W EIRP, 30 km for 100 W EIRP) Area where CPEs need to change frequency Area where CPEs need to reduce their transmit power as a function of their distance to the wireless microphone operation Wireless microphone operation R1 R2 F(50, 99.9) F(50, 10)

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 24 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 25 Wireless microphone sensing techniques Signal specific Wireless microphone covariance sensing technique –Covariance based sensing –Covariance absolute value detection –Covariance Frobenius norm detection Spectral correlation sensing technique Sensing for one TV band –Sensing Procedure for wireless microphone signals

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 26 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide Beacon Design Inter-beacon networking period I-channel Q-channel 3.33 ms 98 ms - Source address - Location - subchannel map - signature - certificate

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 28 Detection of the beacon 0.8 ms 5.1 ms 28 ms 71 ms 98 ms < 0.5 ms

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 29 Detection of the beacon -114 dBm

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 30 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide Frame Structure Superframe = 160 ms Frame = 10 ms Superframe =16 frames

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide Frame Structure Frame quiet period: 5.1 ms Superframe = 160 ms Frame = 10 ms Superframe =16 frames

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide Superframe Structure Multi-frame quiet periods

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide Superframe Structure Superframe quiet period: up to 158 ms

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 35 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 36 WRAN Self-coexistence considerations Spectrum Etiquette Adaptive on-demand channel contention Frame contention Different TV channel selection for operational channel and first backup channel Frame allocation signalled by the superframe control header (SCH) MAC self-coexistence schemes PHY coexistence mechanisms

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 37 Self-coexistence among WRAN systems Inter-cell communication mechanism to keep BSs aware of the other nearby WRAN cell operation: –Coexistence beacon Transmitted during the self-coexistence windows at the end of some frames by the BS and/or some designated CPEs Monitored by BSs and other CPEs from same and different cells on same channel or different channel for future channel switching Signals IP address of BS and CPE every 15 minutes as asked by R&O Coexistence Beacon Protocol (CBP) burst

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 38 CBP Communications (Require Neighbor-cell CPEs to exist) The “face-to-face CPEs” case: The “back-to-back CPEs” case:

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 39 Outline 1.The IEEE WRAN Standard 2.Coexistence among communication systems in TV White Space a)Protection of TV broadcasting –Sensing of DTV signal b)Protection of Part 74 wireless microphones –Sensing of wireless microphones – wireless microphone beacon c)Quiet periods for sensing d)Self-coexistence among WRAN systems 3.Conclusions a)No DTV sensing b)RF mask c)Recommended Practice

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 40 Co-channel sensing of DTV incumbent DTV TX 118 km DTV protected noise-limited contour 41 dB(uV/m) F(50, 90) Required DTV sensing threshold= -114 dBm to compensate for blockage Sensing CPE Sensing threshold= 22 dB below protected field strength level Sensing threshold: S/N = -19 dB at sensing detector Probability of signal exceeding 19 dB(uV/m) = % F(50,1) 437 km F(50,10) 361 km F(10,10) 435 km F(10,1) 520 km F(1,1) 589 km

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 41 DTV Coverage: Athen, GA News Corporation’s Fox Technology Group’s propagation prediction software: tv-simulation-results.doc

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 42 DTV Coverage: Athen, GA News Corporation’s Fox Technology Group’s propagation prediction software: tv-simulation-results.doc Noise Limited Contour Designated Market Area DTV Coverage: Athen, GA

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide RF Mask 1 dB DTV RX desensitization 4 Watt EIRP Rejection if microphones in 1st adjacent channel 33 dB

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 44 Recommended Practice Equipment installation Access to Database –Database would be interfaced with a policy engine –Database was to give Max EIRP in each channel at each CPE location queried by the base station rather than a list of available channels (8 bits rather than 1 bit) –Considerations such as the taboo channels for NTSC and DTV and 3-order intermod at the DTV receiver could be included in the policy engine –Policy engine could evolve in time with improvement in technology …

doc.: IEEE /0052r0 Submission March 2009 Gerald Chouinard, CRCSlide 45 References 1.IEEE P802.22™/ DRAFTv1.0 Draft Standard for Wireless Regional Area Networks Part 22: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands, April FCC R&O