Erik Erikson Coolest sounding name in psychology?

Ego Psychology Stresses the importance of the ego in development Freud’s view of the ego vs. Erikson’s view Emphasizes the integration of biological and social forces in the development of the ego

Ego Development Occurs in a series of predetermined stages –Eight stages Each stage has a crisis –A crucial period in which a decisive turn is unavoidable Stages are dependent on each other –A positive or negative turn at an earlier stage affects later stages

Oral-Sensory Stage Birth – 1 year Basic trust vs. mistrust Similar to Freud’s oral stage If mother acts in a loving or considerate manner, the infant will develop basic trust –Ego understands people are dependable If mother is unreliable or rejecting the infant will develop mistrust

Muscular-Anal Stage 2 – 3 years Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Similar to Freud’s anal stage Child’s muscles mature, starts to learn how to control them Parents attempt to teach child to obey them – conflict of will and power

Muscular-Anal Stage If parents guide their children's behavior gradually and firmly –Autonomy and self-control is engendered If too permissive or too harsh –Child senses defeat and has shame and doubt concerning their abilities to make effective judgments

Locomotor-Genital Stage 4 – 5 years Initiative vs. doubt Similar to Freud’s phallic stage At this point child senses they are an individual Must find out what kind of people they may become

Locomotor-Genital Stage Start to see fantasy play about being an adult –Occupation –Various roles –Marriage (to the opposite sex parent) If family understands and guides such play in socially acceptable acitivityue –Initiative is sparked (play more) If children are punished for such fantasy play –Guilt occurs

Latency Stage 6 – 12 years Industry vs. inferiority Similar to Freud’s latency stage Period where children start to learn new skills If children succeed they will develop a sense of industry If children fail they will develop feelings of inferiority

Adolescence 13 – 19 years Identity vs. role confusion From the previous stages a person has a sense they are somebody –Part of a family –Sense of independence –Ability to take initiative –Able to complete tasks

Adolescence But “who” are they? Identity –The things we are, the things we want to become, and the things we are suppose to become

Adolescence Identity Crisis Role confusion –Who and what one should become –Embrace simple ideologies of other (heroes)

Adolescence Identity Role confusion

Young Adulthood 20 – 24 years Intimacy vs. isolation

Young Adulthood Such relations are only possible after an identity has been established Share identity Must be willing to sacrifice Must be willing to regulate the cycles of –Work –Procreation –Recreation

Young Adulthood Success means you have the capacity for intimacy Failure means you experience a sense of isolation –Will not take a chance with your identity –Love is only superficial Success means you have the capacity for intimacy Failure means you experience a sense of isolation –Will not take a chance with your identity –Love is only superficial

Middle Adulthood 25 – 64 years Generativity vs. stagnation Are you going to be productive and contribute to the welfare of the next generation?

Middle Adulthood Generativity –Concerned not only with self development but also helping the next generation –Does not have to involve own children Stagnation –Lack of productivity, boredom, and interpersonal impoverishment

Late Adulthood 65 years – death Ego integrity vs. despair Death is near....How was your life?

Late Adulthood Ego integrity Adapted to triumphs and disappointments Generated ideas (or others) Conclude your life had meaning and unity Accept your death as part of life

Late Adulthood Despair Unable to accept inevitable failures of life Had a selfish or uncaring life Despair because you know you are going to die – no way to “redo” your life

StageAgeEgo Crisis Oral-SensoryBirth – 1Basic trust vs. mistrust Muscular-Anal2 – 3Autonomy vs. same and doubt Locomotor-Genital4 – 5Initiative vs. guilt Latency6 – 12Industry vs. inferiority Adolescence13 – 19Identity vs. role confusion Young Adulthood20 – 24Intimacy vs. isolation Middle Adulthood25 – 66Generativity vs. stagnation Late Adulthood65 - deathEgo integrity vs. despair Eight Stages of Man

“It is not things in themselves that trouble us, but our opinions of things.” “Change your thoughts and you change your world." “I do not react to some absolute reality, but to my perception of this reality. It is this perception which for me is reality.”

Awareness is everything! Conscious experience is all that matters The past is only important if it affects your thoughts and feelings now Even if “reality” exists, it doesn’t matter Note how different from other approaches –Trait –Genetic –Psychodynamic

Humanistic Psychology The study of the mind is different than any other science The mind is aware! –The mind is attempting to understand the mind

Awareness Existentialism –The cs mind has a sense of “existence” Phenomenological –The “phenomenon” of experience Humanistic –This phenomenon is uniquely human

Phenomenological, Humanistic, and Existentialism Free will Awareness Meaning Responsibilities of free will The object of study are human beings

Free Will Previous approaches CS experience is personality The UCS mind does not matter The past does not matter Only times these do matter is if you let them –Gordon Liddy example

Awareness What does it feel like to exist? Umwelt –Senses you feel as a biological organism Mitwelt –Feelings related to social experiences Eigenwelt –Feelings when you think of your own existence

What would you have been like if you... Were born to an extremely wealth family? Were born to an extremely poor family? Were born in North Dakota in 1952? Were born in England in 1500?

Thrown-ness The circumstances into which you happened to be born What time period do you think it is most difficult to find a sense of meaning?

Meaning Modern times Why are you here? What should you be doing? Angst –Existential anxiety

What to do? “Lucky mud” Free choice – must not “blow” your chance to find “meaning” –Not a “true” meaning, but a personal “meaning”

Authentic Existence Come to terms with your existence –Life is shot –You will die –You are in control of your choices – find meaning Still not a “happy” existence –Life is shot –Your will die –Meaning is only an illusion

Bad Faith Avoid Angst Stop worrying about the problems of existence

Bad Faith Problems 1) Living a lie –Might as well just be the “unlucky mud” 2) Still will not be happy 3) Still making a choice –Chosen not to chose is a choice –“Man is condemned to freedom”