Chapter 15: The New Deal Section 2: The Second New Deal Takes Hold

Standards Analyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies and the expanded role of the federal government in society and the economy since the 1930s Analyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies and the expanded role of the federal government in society and the economy since the 1930s Works Progress Administration Works Progress Administration Social Security Social Security National Labor Relations Board National Labor Relations Board farm programs farm programs regional development policies regional development policies energy development projects such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, California Central Valley Project energy development projects such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, California Central Valley Project

Objectives: Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to: Describe the purposes of the Second New Deal Summarize the New Deal programs for farmers Describe Second New Deal programs that helped youths and professionals Summarize labor and economic reforms under the Second New Deal

The 2 nd New Deal (2 nd Hundred Days) Two years after 1 st New Deal FDR wanted to provide more relief for farmers and workers than brought by 1 st New Deal FDR led in this direction by Eleanor, his wife Social reformer she traveled the country and advised her husband, FDR on matters Social conditions Suffering Woman’s gains 1936, FDR re-elected and the democrats won the majority in both houses of Congress.

Helping Farmers Soil Conservation & Domestic Allotment Act Soil Conservation & Domestic Allotment Act Paid farmers for cutting production of soil-depleting crops Paid farmers for cutting production of soil-depleting crops Rewarded farmers for practicing good soil conservation techniques Rewarded farmers for practicing good soil conservation techniques (Second) Agricultural Adjustment Act (Second) Agricultural Adjustment Act Brought back most of 1 st AAA Brought back most of 1 st AAA It cut out a processing tax that paid for farm subsidies It cut out a processing tax that paid for farm subsidies What Supreme Court said was unconstitutional What Supreme Court said was unconstitutional Farm Security Administration Farm Security Administration Help sharecroppers and migrants to buy land Help sharecroppers and migrants to buy land Hired photographers, like Dorothea Lange, to document the difficulties faced in rural areas… Hired photographers, like Dorothea Lange, to document the difficulties faced in rural areas…

Helping youths & Professionals The WPA offers direct assistance by spending $11 billion & creating 8 million new jobs (women & minorities) Built: 850 airports 650,000 miles of roads 125,000 public buildings 300 million clothing items (women) Professionals: Wrote guides to cities Collected Slave Narratives Painted murals at schools The NYA (National Youth Authority) Created specifically to provide aid, education, counseling, recreation, and employment to youths.

Improving Labor Wagner Act Wagner Act Re-established much of unconstitutional NIRA Re-established much of unconstitutional NIRA Right of workers to join unions and Collectively bargain Right of workers to join unions and Collectively bargain Prohibited unfair labor practices (firing union workers) Prohibited unfair labor practices (firing union workers) Fair Labor Standards Act Fair Labor Standards Act Set maximum work hours at 44/week Set maximum work hours at 44/week Minimum wage $.25/hr. Minimum wage $.25/hr. Rules for employment under 16 yrs. old Rules for employment under 16 yrs. old

Other Reforms Social Security Act Social Security Act Old Age insurance for retirees 65 & older w/spouse Old Age insurance for retirees 65 & older w/spouse Unemployment compensation Unemployment compensation Aid to families w/dependent children & disabled Aid to families w/dependent children & disabled Not a complete retirement or welfare system Not a complete retirement or welfare system Regulating Utilities Regulating Utilities Rural Electrification Administration (REA) Rural Electrification Administration (REA) 1949, brought electricity to 90% of farms; % 1949, brought electricity to 90% of farms; % Public Utility Holding Company Act (1935) Public Utility Holding Company Act (1935) Outlawed ownership of utilities by multiple holding companies, they jacked up prices. Outlawed ownership of utilities by multiple holding companies, they jacked up prices.