Welcome to CMPE003 Personal Computer Concepts: Hardware and Software Winter 2003 UC Santa Cruz Instructor: Guy Cox

January 23, Assignments Homework #4 – Due February 12 (That’s due next Wednesday )  Design your own resume  Must use a Word Processor (ie, M$ Word) Notepad will not suffice.  Details and sample resume – see class page – ml

Input and Output: The User Connection Chapter 5 Part A

January 23, Output Information for the user Types  Screen – soft copy  Printer – hard copy  Voice  Sound  Graphics

January 23, Monitor (screen) Data that is entered appears on the screen Screen is part of the monitor

January 23, Monitor Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Flat panel display Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Gas Plasma Display

January 23, CRT Raster scanning Sweeping electron beams across the back of the screen Phosphorous coating on back of screen Glows when hit by a beam of electrons Phosphorous loses glow and image fades and flickers Image must be continually refreshed

January 23, CRT Refresh rate / scan rate Number of times electron beams refreshes the screen Process also used for television times per second adequate for clear screen image  60 Hz is problematic – Why??

January 23, CRT Interlaced vs. Non-interlaced Interlaced  Refresh every other line on each pass  Lower refresh rate without flicker  Good for fixed graphics  Causes flutter with animated graphics  Inexpensive Non-interlaced  Refresh every line on each pass  Typical of screens sold today

January 23, CRT Color vs. Monochrome Color  Typical monitor sold today Monochrome  Green or amber on a contrasting background  Less expensive than color  Typically used on terminals

January 23, CRT Resolution Clarity of image Pixel (Picture element)  Dot on screen  Is addressable  Can be illuminated  More pixels means higher resolution Dot pitch  Distance between dots  Smaller distance means better quality image

January 23, CRT Graphics Card/Graphics Adapter Board Plugs into expansion slot on motherboard Graphics card and monitor must be compatible for high quality image

January 23, CRT Size Measured diagonally Typical sizes  Office user: inch  High-powered graphics user: 19 inch  High-end monitors: 21 inches and up Larger size  More expensive  More space on desktop  Reduces eye strain

January 23, Graphics Standards PCs Monitor Graphics boards Software Help insure that the products work together

January 23, Graphics Standards SVGA (Super VGA)  Resolution – 800 x 600, 1024 x 768, 1280 x 1024, 1600 x 1200 pixels  16 million colors  Number of colors displayed simultaneously limited by amount of video memory XGA (Extended Graphics Array)  High resolution  Supports more simultaneous colors  Allows non-interlaced monitors

January 23, Flat-panel Screens Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Primarily on laptops Moving to desktop Skinny (depth) regardless of size

January 23, Flat-panel Screens Crisp, brilliant images Easy on eyes No flicker Full dimension is useable More expensive that CRT monitors

January 23, Flat-panel Screens Active Matrix  Thin-film transistor technology (TFT)  Transistors for each pixel  Brighter image  Viewable from an angle Passive Matrix  Fewer transistors  Cheaper  Less power  Images can appear fuzzy

January 23, Printers Produce information on paper Orientation  Portrait  Landscape Methods of printing  Impact  Non-impact

January 23, Impact Printers Line printer One line at a time High volume Low quality Dot-matrix printer One character at a time

January 23, Non-impact Printer: Laser Printer

January 23, Non-impact Printer: Laser Printer Transfers images to paper using a light beam Prints one page at a time dpi – High quality Speed  Personal laser printers: 8-10 ppm  Network laser printers: ppm  High-volume laser printers: up to 1000 ppm Black & white / Color

January 23, Non-impact Printer: Ink-jet Printer Spray ink at paper Black & white / Color Excellent graphics Good quality Slower than laser

January 23, Non-impact Printer Choose based upon: Speed Quality Black & white vs. color Price

January 23, Sound Creates multimedia output Multiple sight and sound effects Speakers Sound card

January 23, Voice Output: Speech Synthesis Enables machines to talk to people Types  Voice synthesizers  Voice output devices  Audio-response units Converts data in storage to vocalized sounds Synthesis by analysis – human sounds are stored and reproduced as needed Synthesis by rule – creates artificial speech

January 23, Voice Output: Speech synthesis Uses Automobiles Telephone surveys Catalog order is ready Your payment is late reminder Santa Cruz Public Library  Overdue notices

January 23, Music and Other Sounds MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)  Communicates between MIDI devices and computer  Rules that produce and process digital music signals  MIDI information tells synthesizer When to start and stop playing a note Volume Modulation Software is available for composing and editing per MIDI standard

January 23, Terminals Device that provides input and output capabilities Dumb terminal  Keyboard and monitor  Connects to host for processing Intelligent terminal  Keyboard, monitor, memory, and processor  Connects with host Point-of-sale terminal (POS)  Input and output device  Captures retail data

January 23, Computer Graphics Business Education Science Sports Computer art Entertainment

January 23, Business Graphics Types  Maps  Charts Help  Compare data  Spot trends  Make decisions quickly Attention-getting Updated instantaneously Rendered quickly

January 23, Video Graphics Animated graphics Prepared one frame at a time Examples  Animated films Monster’s Inc. (Pixar)  Commercials without humans  Arcade games

January 23, CAD/CAM Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing CAD – Computer Aided Design  Software creates 2-D and 3-D designs CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing  Controls production equipment CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)  Bridge between design and manufacturing  CAD/CAM integrated into manufacturing process  Provides balanced, efficient production process

January 23, Ethics and Data Computer data can be  Used  Sold  Altered What is legal? What can you trust?

January 23,