EU-U.S. Conference Series: “Sustainable Oceans: Reconciling Economic Use and Protection”, Draeger Foundation & The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, July Maritime Shipping and The Commercial Usage of the Oceans Jean-Paul Rodrigue Professor, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University, New York, USA

About Basic Geography

World’s Major Container Ports: A Carbon Copy of Global Trade Big ships, large locations Gateways and intermediary hubs dynamics

Economies of Scale Involve a Transfer of Externalities to Ports and Inland Systems L “Lica” Class (3,400 TEU) R “Regina” Class (6,000 TEU) S “Sovereign” Class (8,000 TEU) E “Emma” Class (12,500 TEU) “Triple E” Class (18,000 TEU) Sustainable Range

Slow Steaming: A Double-Edged Sword Normal Speed Slow Steaming Super Slow Steaming 50% of the global container capacity (2011)

Main Routing Alternatives between East Asia and Northern Europe: A Balancing Act

The Global Cruise Port System: An Emerging Dimension of Maritime Sustainability Big ships, small locations The issue of cold ironing

Emerging Global Maritime System: Conveyor Belts and Transshipment Platforms