An Agent-Based Model for the Role of Social Support in Mood Regulation Presentation: Seyed Amin Tabatabaei Co-Authors: Altaf Abro, Michel Klein ASR Group, VU University Amsterdam

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Overview 2

Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Funded by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program. Introduction 3 E-COMPARED (European Comparative Effectiveness Research on Internet- based Depression Treatment) aims to provide mental healthcare stakeholders with evidence-based information and recommendations about the clinical and cost-effectiveness of blended depression treatment.

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Introduction Depression Many difficult events and experiences can leave us in low spirits, or mood However, a low mood will tend to improve after a short time. Making some changes in life, such as resolving a difficult situation or talking about your problems and getting more sleep, can improve your mood. A low mood that doesn't go away can be a sign of depression. Symptoms of depression can include the following:  continuous low mood or sadness (e.g. 2 weeks or more)  feeling hopeless and helpless  having no motivation or interest in things  finding it difficult to make decisions  not getting enjoyment out of life 4

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Introduction Depression Depression is currently the fourth disorder worldwide in terms of disease burden It is expected to be the disorder with the highest disease burden in high- income countries by the year 2030 Many studies have shown that stress is generated when a person appraises a situation as stressful or threating; and does not have proper coping response. 5

A person who is well integrated in social networks is less vulnerable to stress or depression. Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Introduction Social Support 6 Stress Buffering Main Effect Perceived Support Perceived Support Received Support Bad Event Appraisal Stress Low Mood

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Introduction This Paper In this paper, we extend an existing model for mood regulation to describe the different types of effect of social support on mood regulation. The model involves different cognitive states of a human being that are considered as important for mood and appraisal of the situations 7

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Model Mood Model 8 objective emotional value of situation objective emotional value of situation appraisal mood level thoughts sensitivity LT prospected mood level LT prospected mood level ST prospected mood level ST prospected mood level coping vulnerability

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Model Extended Model 9 Oevs appraisal mood level thoughts sensitivity LT prospected mood level LT prospected mood level ST prospected mood level ST prospected mood level coping vulnerability Received Support Received Support Perceived Support Perceived Support Re-appraisal Stressful Event

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Model Hypotheses 1.Social support (both perceived and actual) leads to less negative mood. 2.A person who has a suitable social support will be more robust against bad events. 3.Perception that others will provide appropriate aids during bad events (perceived support) is more helpful than the actual support itself. 4.Social support can help people to learn how to cope with bad events. It means that at the very first times which a bad event happen, (s)he needs social support to cope with. But, after some successful experiences to handle the problem, (s)he will be more robust to cope with events with almost same demands. 10

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Simulations First 11 H1. Social support leads to less negative mood.

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Simulations Second 3 Categories of Persons 1.Stable Person Coping : 0.5, Vulnerability : Unstable Person Coping : 0.1, Vulnerability : Very Unstable Person: Coping : 0.01, Vulnerability : H2. A person who has a suitable social support will be more robust against bad events. H3. Perceived support is more helpful than the actual support itself 3 Categories of Event 1.Very Bad Event 2. Bad Event 3.A moderate Bad Event 5 Scenarios 1- No SS 2. Just Actual S 3.More Actual S 4.Just Perceived S 5. More Perceived S Depression is defined as a mood level below a threshold (0.5) during at least two weeks.

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Simulation Third 13 H4. Social support can help people to learn how to cope with bad events.

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Women have a higher rate of depression than man. Different process, different model. Investigate the relationships between measureable aspects of social environment (e.g. size and structure of a social network), and the factors used in the current model about the influence of social support on the cognitive states of a human. 14

Overview Introduction Project Depression Social Support This paper Models Existing Model New Model Hypotheses Simulations First Second Third Future Works Thanks! 15 ?