Starter Label your book like so: At the BACK of your book Draw a picture to show these words: Atom Ionic Bonding Metal Limestone Name: Form: 10YSc2 Science Mrs Bradford 1.16

Starter: Feedback AtomIonic Bonding MetalLimestone

Starter Put the liquids in order of how thick they are:

C Alkanes Objective: to recall the main principles of chemistry covered so far and describe the structure of the hydrocarbon family of alkanes

Outcomes: Good: You can define the term mixture and apply it to crude oil Better: you can draw the structure of the first four alkanes Even Better If: you can create a model of the first four alkanes Good: You can define the term mixture and apply it to crude oil Better: you can draw the structure of the first four alkanes Even Better If: you can create a model of the first four alkanes

What is a Mixture?

Salty water The air in the room A cake Fruit salad Your blood Glucose Ice cubes in water Extension - How can you tell they are a mixture ? Task: Which of these are mixtures?

What is an Alkane? An alkane is a type of HYDROCARBON It is made up of only 2 elements – HYDROGEN and CARBON They form CHAINS with the carbons long the centre and hydrogens bonded to the carbons As they get longer, they get HEAVIER

Outcomes: Good: You can define the term mixture and apply it to crude oil Better: you can draw the structure of the first four alkanes Even Better If: you can create a model of the first four alkanes Good: You can define the term mixture and apply it to crude oil Better: you can draw the structure of the first four alkanes Even Better If: you can create a model of the first four alkanes

Methane One carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. Each line represents a single covalent bond.

Ethane Two carbon atoms six hydrogen atoms

Propane Three carbon atoms eight hydrogen atoms

Butane Four carbon atoms ten hydrogen atoms

Outcomes: Good: You can define the term mixture and apply it to crude oil Better: you can draw the structure of the first four alkanes Even Better If: you can create a model of the first four alkanes Good: You can define the term mixture and apply it to crude oil Better: you can draw the structure of the first four alkanes Even Better If: you can create a model of the first four alkanes

Task In pairs You have to create a model of the first four alkanes from the objects in your pack They have been counted out exactly – so NO munching just yet! When you have finished, hands up to let me know

Next Task You are going to time how long it takes to eat each model Present your results in a results table: AlkaneTime taken to eat (s) Methane Ethane Propane Butane

Can you spot a pattern? Every time we increase the number of carbons what happens to the number of hydrogens? We can work out a general formula for any alkane it is: C n H 2n+2 where n is the number of carbon atoms and 2n+2 is the number of hydrogen atoms

Counting in chemistry Rather than the numbers 1,2,3 and 4 when we are counting in chemistry we use the terms: meth_ = 1 eth_ = 2 prop_ = 3 but_ = 4 The first four alkanes are therefore called methane, ethane, propane and butane.

Outcomes: Good: You can define the term mixture and apply it to crude oil Better: you can draw the structure of the first four alkanes Even Better If: you can create a model of the first four alkanes and identify a pattern in the number of hydrogen and carbon atoms Good: You can define the term mixture and apply it to crude oil Better: you can draw the structure of the first four alkanes Even Better If: you can create a model of the first four alkanes and identify a pattern in the number of hydrogen and carbon atoms

Test your knowledge - Quiz 1.What is the name of the alkane with the formula CH 4 ? 2.What is the name of this alkane? 3.Draw a molecule of propane showing all the bonds.

Test your knowledge - Quiz 1.What is the name of the alkane with the formula CH 4 - methane 2.What is the name of this alkane? ethane 3.Draw a molecule of propane showing all the bonds.