9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation Cellular Reproduction Normal Cell Cycle  Different cyclin/CDK combinations signal cell activities, including DNA replication, protein synthesis, and nuclear division throughout the cell cycle. Chapter 9

Cellular Reproduction Quality Control Checkpoints  The cell cycle has built-in checkpoints that monitor the cycle and can stop it if something goes wrong.  Spindle checkpoints also have been identified in mitosis. Chapter Cell Cycle Regulation

Cellular Reproduction Abnormal Cell Cycle: Cancer  Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells.  Cancer cells can kill an organism by crowding out normal cells, resulting in the loss of tissue function. Chapter Cell Cycle Regulation

Cellular Reproduction Causes of Cancer  The changes that occur in the regulation of cell growth and division of cancer cells are due to mutations.  Various environmental factors can affect the occurrence of cancer cells. Chapter Cell Cycle Regulation

Cellular Reproduction Apoptosis  Programmed cell death  Cells going through apoptosis actually shrink and shrivel in a controlled process. Chapter Cell Cycle Regulation

Cellular Reproduction Stem Cells  Unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells when under the right conditions Chapter Cell Cycle Regulation

Cellular Reproduction Embryonic Stem Cells  After fertilization, the resulting mass of cells divides repeatedly until there are about 100–150 cells. These cells have not become specialized. Chapter Cell Cycle Regulation

Cellular Reproduction Adult Stem Cells  Found in various tissues in the body and might be used to maintain and repair the same kind of tissue  Less controversial because the adult stem cells can be obtained with the consent of their donor Chapter Cell Cycle Regulation

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