P13027: Portable Ventilator Team Leader: Megan O’Connell Matt Burkell Steve Digerardo David Herdzik Paulina Klimkiewicz Jake Leone

Technical Review Overview Engineering Specs Proposed redesign Battery and Power Calculations Power: Electrical Electric Board Layout MCU Logic Pressure Sensor Thermal Analysis Housing Modifications Project Comparison Project Schedule Questions? 2 of 52

Engineering Specifications Portable Emergency Ventilator Engineering Specifications - Revision 1 - 03/19/13 Specification Number Source Function Specification (Metric) Unit of Measure Marginal Value Ideal Value Comments / Status S1 PRP System Volume Control Liters 0.2 ± 0.2   S2 Breathing Rate BPM, Breaths per Minute 4 -15 S3 Pick Flow Liter/Min 15 - 60 S4 Air Assist Senitivity cm H20 0.5 ± 0.5 S5 High Pressure Alarm 10 - 70 S6 DC Input Volts 6 - 16 Due to battery, must be greater than 9V S7 DC Internal Battery 12 S8 Elasped Time Meter Hours 0 - 8000 S9 Pump Life 4500 S10 O2 / Air mixer O2 21% - 100 % S11 Secondary Pressure Relief 75 S12 Timed Backup BPM S13 Weight Kg ≤ 8 S14 Robustness Drop Height meter 1 3 of 52

Revision B- Proposed Redesign Update: Battery Size-> Reduce Size & keep same capacity Reduce Circuit Board size-> Create custom board for all electrical connects Phase motor driver to a transistor Display Ergonomics Overall Size and shape of PEV Instruction manual Additions: Visual Animated Display-> Moving Vitals Memory capabilities USB extraction of Data Co2 Sensor as additional Feature to PEV Overload Condition due to Pump Malfunction 4 of 52

Revision B- Proposed Redesign Update: Battery Size-> Reduce Size & keep same capacity Reduce Circuit Board size-> Create custom board for all electrical connects Phase motor driver to a transistor Display Ergonomics Overall Size and shape of PEV Instruction manual Additions: Visual Animated Display-> Moving Vitals Memory capabilities USB extraction of Data Co2 Sensor as additional Feature to PEV Overload Condition due to Pump Malfunction NOT Discussed within Technical Review 5 of 52

Battery Choice: Tenergy Li-Ion 14.8 V 4400mAh 0.8375 lbs 7.35cm x 7.1cm x 3.75cm Rechargeable up to 500 times Price: $50.99 6 of 52

Power Calculation Current (A) Voltage (V) Power (W) Pump 3 11.1 16.65 MCU + electronics 0.5 3.3 1.65 LCD 0.15 10 1.5 Total 3.65 19.8 Battery Voltage (V) 14.8 Battery Capacity (Ah) 4.4 Battery Capacity (Wh) 65.12 Expected Battery Life (Hrs) 3.29 7 of 52

Charger (Brick) HP AC Adapter 18.5V 3.5Amps Power: 65W Max power: 70W Price: $14.35 (Amazon) 8 of 52

Regulation of Power 9 of 52

Maxim Integrated MAX1737 Battery-Charge Controller Wide input voltage range (6-28 V) Charges up to four Li+ Cells (4- 4.4V per cell) Provides overcharge protection 10 of 52

Texas Instruments LM3940 Low Dropout Regulator Provides 3.3V from a 5V supply Low Dropout Regulator Can hold 3.3V output with input voltages as low as 4.5V Few external components needed for implementation 11 of 52

ON Semiconductor MC7800 Voltage Regulator 5-18, 24 V Input voltage range Can deliver output currents greater than 1 A No external components needed for implementation Internal thermal overload protection 12 of 52

System Operation Flowchart 13 of 52

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Control System 19 of 52

MCU Pinouts 20 of 52

General PCB Parts Placement 21 of 52

SpO2 Sensor Difference in Absorption between Red and Infrared is used to determine SpO2 22 of 52

SpO2 Sensor Continued Simplified Design: 23 of 52

SpO2 Flow Chart 24 of 52 Source: Freescale Pulse Oximeter Fundamentals and Design

Hardware/Software Feature Implementation Plan Function Hardware Software User controllable ventilator control system 1 LCD Interface Audio Feedback Memory retention/ transfer 2 Touch Interface 3 Integrated Battery Charging N/A SpO2 CO2 Audio Recording 1- High Priority- This will get implemented 2- Medium Priority- Foreseeable difficulties may prevent proper implementation 3- Low Priority- Attempt to implement if time constraints allow 25 of 52

Initial strategy for Testing 26 of 52

Mass Flow Analysis (Between Pump outlet and Ventilator outlet) Replacing Mass Flow Sensor with Venturi Analysis Assume incompressible flow, 10 diameters of straight tube, C=.99 27 of 52

Differential pressure sensor selection 28 of 52

Freescale-mpxv5050dp Pressure Sensor 29 of 52

Temperature Compensation 3.3 V 30 of 52

Expected Pressure change & voltage output 31 of 52

Expected Centerline Velocity 32 of 52

EXPECTED Total Head Loss 33 of 52

Expected Major Head Loss Bernouli’s Equation Assumptions Constant velocity, height and air density Major Head Loss: Dependent on length of tube between ventilator and pump exit 34 of 52

Expected Minor Head Loss Bernouli’s Equation Assumptions Constant velocity, height and air density Minor Head Loss Dependent on the expansion and contraction for Reducer and Diffuser 35 of 52

Exhaust Pressure Sensor 36 of 52

Mechanical Relief Valve Pressure Release at 1 psi  Reusable 37 of 52

Thermal Analysis Heat Dissipation GOAL: Analyze worst case thermal analysis of system to understand effects of system heat dissipation. ① System Components: ④ Control Volume Schematic: ② Applied Heat Loads: PEV ③ Assumptions: T∞=330K h= 5 W/m^2K (Applied to all surfaces) Neglect Radiation Casing acts as a control volume System Location at hottest temp every recorded for U.S 330K Heat flux is applied at bottom surface where all components will rest on. Free External Convection 38 of 52 Q flux=80 W

⑤ Heat Dissipation Results: High Temperature: 359 K 86 ⁰C For our material, Polystyrene, The glass transition temperature is 95 ⁰C. Therefore at worst case scenario, the material will hold shape without deforming. Top of enclosure shows little heat transfer concern to handle so user can carry device. A rubber handle will be included on prototype as a precautionary measure as well as usability purposes. 39 of 52

Another approach… ② Assumptions: ① Bottom Surface Heat Dissipation: Component temperature is worst case. System has been under worst case condition for extended period of time. Neglect convection and radiation on bottom surface. ③ Results: Plastic temperature at worst case will never exceed 120⁰F due to component heating alone. This temperature is not enough to deform the polystyrene surface or cause damage to surrounding components. 40 of 52

Housing Modifications 13026 Physical Extremes: 15in long X 10in high X 7in deep Projected 13027 Physical Extremes: 12in long X 7.5in high X 7in deep 41 of 52

Housing Modifications 42 of 52

Housing Modifications Speaker Mode O2 Sensor port CPR Compression # CO2 Sensor port Manual Mask tube ports Power 43 of 52 BPM Flow Rate Pressure Limit

Housing Modifications 44 of 52

Housing Modifications 45 of 52

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Housing Modifications 48 of 52

Project Comparison GOAL: Analyze the size and weight reduction between major contributing components of MSD 13026 PEV to our projected design. 49 of 52

Summary: 50 of 52

13027 – Project Schedule through MSD 1 Project Familiarization/ Research: END OF MSD 1 51 of 52

Technical Evaluations/ Begin Prototyping: END OF MSD 1 52 of 52