A Velocity Field for Romania and Bulgaria Cornelia Aichhorn, Sandro Krauss (1) Günter Stangl (2) (1) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences (2) Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying

2IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Contents  Investigation Area  GPS Permanent Stations  2 Networks processed by the OLG  Velocity Estimation  Normal Equation Stacking of Weekly Solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers  Processing of absolute and relative Velocities w.r.t the Eurasian Tectonic Plate  Velocity Comparison  OLG Velocities (2 Networks)  EPN Time Series Project  IERS Solutions  Velocity field for Romania and Bulgaria  Conclusions

3IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Investigation Area # GPS StationCityCountry CEGMONEPNIERSCARP 1 AUT M002ThessalonikiGreece  2 BACA 11405M001BacauRomania  3 BAIA 11406M001Baia MareRomania  4 BRAI 00000M001BrailaRomania  5 BUCU 11401M001BucurestiRomania  6 CLUJ 00000M001ClujRomania  7 COST 11407M001ConstantaRomania  8 CRAI 00000M001CraiovaRomania  9 DEVA 11408M001DevaRomania  10 GRAZ 11001M002GrazAustria  11 ISTA 20807M001IstanbulTurkey  12 MATE 12734M008MateraItaly  13 MIKL 12335M001Mykolaiv,Ukraine  14 NYIR 11208M001NyirbatorHungary  15 ORAD 00000M001OradeaRomania  16 ORID 15601M001OhridMacedonia  17 OROS 11207M001OroshazaHungary  18 ROZH 00000S001RozhenBulgaria  19 SIBI 00000M001SibiuRomania  20 SOFI 11101M002SofiaBulgaria  21 SUCE 00000M001SuceavaRomania  22 TIMI 00000S001TimisoaraRomania  23 VARN 00000S001VarnaBulgaria  24 ZECK 12351M001ZelenchukskayaRussia 

4IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Investigation Area  Bulgaria and Romania with Surrounding Area Results of 2 OLG networks combined

5IWF/ÖAW GRAZ  CERGOP – Network (CEG) Legend investigation area compared with IERS and EPN estimated velocities Investigation Area

6IWF/ÖAW GRAZ  Monitoring Oriental Network (MON) Legend investigation area compared with IERS and EPN estimated velocities Investigation Area

7IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Estimation Time series splitted at GPS week 1400 for better velocity estimation  OLG (data and analysis centre)  4 networks  weekly processing (BSW5.0)  EPN standards  NEQ-stacking of weekly solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers

8IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Estimation Repeatability Raw Time SeriesCleaned Time Series AUT M002AUT M000AUT M002 N [mm] E [mm] U [mm]  OLG (data and analysis centre)  4 networks  weekly processing (BSW5.0)  EPN standards  NEQ-stacking of weekly solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers

9IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Estimation Jump in N, E and U at GPS week 1400 reduced  OLG (data and analysis centre)  4 networks  weekly processing (BSW5.0)  EPN standards  NEQ-stacking of weekly solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers RepeatabilityRaw TSCleaned TS N [mm] E [mm] U [mm]

10IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Estimation Outliers at GPS weeks 1459 and 1460 eliminated RepeatabilityRaw TSCleaned TS N [mm] E [mm] U [mm]  OLG (data and analysis centre)  4 networks  weekly processing (BSW5.0)  EPN standards  NEQ-stacking of weekly solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers

11IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Estimation #Station#Weeks Repeatability [mm] NEU 1AUT M BACA 11405M BAIA 11406M BRAI 00000M BUCU 11401M CLUJ 00000M COST 11407M CRAI 00000M DEVA 11408M ISTA 20807M MIKL 12335M NYIR 11208M ORAD 00000M ORID 15601M OROS 11207M ROZH 00000S SIBI 00000M SOFI 11101M SUCE 00000M TIMI 00000S VARN 00000S  OLG data and analysis centre  4 networks  weekly processing (BSW5.0)  EPN standards  NEQ-stacking of weekly solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers  Processing of absolute and relative velocities w.r.t the Eurasian Tectonic Plate  VX, VY, VZ  VN, VE, VU  Quality check  repeatabiliy of coordinates  „age“ of stations

12IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Comparison  Velocity Differences w.r.t the IERS Solution and the EPN Time Series Project  Absolute Velocities  VX, VY, VZ  ITRF2005  CEG, MON and EPN velocities w.r.t. IERS solution

13IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Field for Romania and Bulgaria  Lateral Velocities w.r.t the Eurasian Tectonic Plate Problems  CLUJ sliding sloape  TIMI only 11 weeks

14IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Field for Romania and Bulgaria  Lateral Velocities w.r.t the Eurasian Tectonic Plate Interpretation  stable in the Carpathian Mountains  rotation in the South of the Carpathian Mountains

15IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Conclusions  Velocity Estimation  Quality control is very important  A lot of effort had to be spent for data preprocessing  Comparison with official solutions  More stations are required  More offical solutions are preferable  Velocity field in Romania and Bulgaria  Rotation south of the carpathian mountains comes clear  Problem is the littlt number of stations in this area  Increase Densification  HEMUS Net (more stations in Bulgaria and Greece) already included in the OLG MON-Network

A Velocity Field for Romania and Bulgaria THANK YOU!