Introduction to Psychology Overview. What is Psychology? Psyche/logos: study of the mind Scientific study of mental and behavioral processes Scientific.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Psychology Overview

What is Psychology? Psyche/logos: study of the mind Scientific study of mental and behavioral processes Scientific observation; data collection; drawing conclusions

More than intuition.... Need for empirical testing Evaluating the quality of evidence “Expertise” should not be blindly accepted Role of critical thinking

Goals of Psychology To understand, describe, explore, predict, and control behavior Basic and applied research Social policy implications

Central Questions/Issues Nature vs. Nurture Free will vs. determinism The role of culture The role of context The effectiveness of intervention

Subfields in Psychology Developmental Educational Personality Social Comparative Biopsychology Cognitive Cultural Evolutionary Gender Sports Environmental Forensic Industrial organizational Positive/peace

Psychoanalytic Perspective Sigmund Freud: ( ) “Father of Psychology” Role of the unconscious Repressed conflicts Id/ego/superego psychoanalysis

Behaviorism (1913) John Watson & B.F. Skinner Study of observable behavior only Thought/cognition not studied- “unscientific” Associations between stimuli Reinforcements and punishments

Behaviorism “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well formed, and my own special world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant, and yes- beggar man and thief” --John Watson

Gestalt (early 1900s) Gestalt: German for whole; pattern; form Max Wertheimer Study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not individual parts or pieces Example: holistic view of personality “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”

Humanistic Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers Subjective experience Human potential Innate goodness Self-actualization

Existential Rollo-May; Frankl Search for meaning Questions of existence; what it means to be human Free will Universal human themes- death, isolation, love, etc. Humans nature: neutral

Eclectic Merging ideas from several approaches