Domain Eukarya Modified from slide show by Kim Foglia Kingdom: Fungi Domain Eukarya Modified from slide show by Kim Foglia Domain Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Common ancestor 2007-2008

General characteristics Classification criteria eukaryotes heterotrophs feed by absorption mostly multicellular except unicellular yeasts cell wall chitin rigid polysaccharide sexual & asexual reproduction

Fungal Structure Fungal body Cells Cell wall mycelium multiple nuclei thread-like cells hyphae Cells multiple nuclei Cell wall chitin just like crab shells

Internal structure Eukaryotic cells long, thread-like cells chitin cell wall septum Eukaryotic cells long, thread-like cells = HYPHAE incomplete divisions between cells septum multiple nuclei pore nuclei

Cool… Fungi live IN their food! Modes of Nutrition fungal hypha Heterotrophic secrete digestive enzymes feed by absorption predators paralyzing prey parasites feeding on living creatures decomposer breakdown dead remains plant cell wall plant cell membrane plant cell Cool… Fungi live IN their food! Chocolate cake, anyone?

Fungal Diversity Ascomycota Basidiomycota Zygomycota Chytridiomycota Fungi

Ecological Roles Decomposers Symbiotic Relationships recycle nutrients lichen fungi + algae pioneer species in ecosystems makes soil from bare rock mycorrhizae fungi + plants enables plants to absorb more water

Mycorrhizae Critical role in plant growth extends water absorption of roots without mycorrhizae with mycorrhizae Endomycorrhiza Ectomycorrhiza

Reproduction Asexual Sexual budding in yeast mycelium produces spores via mitosis spread by wind Sexual joining of + & – haploid mycelium form diploid zygote Zygote makes haploid spores via meiosis haploid spores

Zygomycete (Bread Mold) Life Cycle spores mating strain hypha sporangium MEIOSIS mating strain (2n) diploid (n) haploid FUSION of gametangia

Basidiomycete Life Cycle gills lined with basidia fruiting body basidium (n + n) dikaryotic 2n (diploid) (n) haploid zygote strain MEIOSIS spores FUSION of and hyphae strain

Fairy Rings

The FIRST Antibiotics

YEAST Makes bread dough rise Makes yogurt Makes beer, champagne http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Dh04EoFYC8Y/Sb1T0bkbWbI/AAAAAAAAAWk/5hv-AYIuDkg/s320/depression+era+bread+dough+rise.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xNH3RuEjBfQ/S0uCbqqeh3I/AAAAAAAAMWQ/Kj5fhiBXsXo/s400/yogurt.jpg http://sisimua.com/store/images/Beers.gif