 By: Mandy Olson, Brian McCandless and Manuel Stoeckl  December 2011, Pre-AP World History

 Who: Confucius (Kong Fu Zi)  When: 6 th –5 th century B.C.E.  Where: Northwest China

 Philosophy, not religion  Natural order to society  Teaches moral conduct, relationships, loyalty

 5 Principles ◦ Benevolence ◦ Righteousness ◦ Propriety ◦ Wisdom ◦ Trust  5 Relationships ◦ Ruler to subject ◦ Father to son ◦ Husband to wife ◦ Older to younger brother ◦ Friend to friend

 Filial Piety ◦ One should respect elders  Jen ◦ Demonstrate human kindness  Li ◦ Proper etiquette and perfect virtue 5

 Confucius/ Kong Fu Zi ( BCE) ◦ Main founder ◦ Advised rulers ◦ Gathered followers and taught in Lu  Mencius (372 – 289 BCE) ◦ Spread ideas ◦ Interpreted Confucius’s teachings ◦ Added that all humans share innate goodness

 The Four Books ◦ Analects  Dialogue between Confucius and followers ◦ Doctrine of Mean  Elaborates on central ideas ◦ Great Learning  Teaches virtue and goodness ◦ Book of Mencius  Dialogue between Mencius and followers

 The Five Classics ◦ Book of Songs  Poems and songs ◦ The Classic of History  Documents and speeches ◦ The Classic of Rites  Description of ceremonies ◦ The Book of Changes  Divination system ◦ The Spring and Autumn Annals  Historical record of Lu 8

 No specific symbol  source of life in Chinese philosophy  harmony in life and relationships  yin-yang: balance between opposing forces

 No specific practices ◦ Filled by practices of other religions  Considered social rules to be rituals ◦ Common courtesies, accepted standards of behavior

 Subordinate to men  Uncomplaining obedience to husband  Not allowed to remarry  Have to follow others  Main rule is to produce a son

 Eastern philosophy  Impacted East Asia: Japan, Korea, Vietnam  6 million practice Confucianism alone  350 million practice Confucianism along with another religion

 Shapes the political and personal life of East Asia  Social standard for Chinese Society  Provides personal morals  Scholars provided advice to Emperors

B.C.E. ~Confucius is born 522 B.C.E. ~Starts his own school 484 B.C.E. ~Confucius begins focusing on his teachings 479 B.C.E. ~Confucius dies

B.C.E. ~Mencius is born and spreads ideas B.C.E. ~Destruction of philosophy B.C.E ~Civil Service Examination includes Confucianism 500 C.E. ~Introduced to Japan

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