Lecture 24

1. Role of national intelligentsia in emancipating movement of Kazakh people. 2. Political parties of beginning’s XX c.

The beginning of XX century in Kazakhstan was marked by rise of national consciousness of people. National movement in the Kazakh society was non-uniform, there were its various trends which nucleus became national intelligentsia.

The special place in a history of Kazakhstan of that period have the activity of A.Bukeihanov ( ), who was the outstanding public men, the scientist, publicist.

A.Bukeihanov had plans of creation of national – democratic party. He considered that the important role in political life began to play the press. So, was decided to organize the national newspaper which would become a megaphone of national communication, revival of people, realizing of Kazakh people role. In January, 5, 1913 y. the “Kazakh” newspaper began its work.

Thus, this newspaper had wide cultural – educational tasks, heads of the newspaper has allocated the main task question is a destiny and the future of Kazakhs, the purpose was precisely put - “to carry out propagation among Kazakhs - Kirgihiz”. The newspaper “Kazakh” headman readers, it was read in all areas of Kazakhstan. Besides the newspaper was sold to Fergana, Samarkand, Caspi Area, Ufa, Kazan, Tomsk, and also to Moscow and St. Petersburg.

So, the place of the edition of the newspaper was chose Orenburg city. The newspaper had the name “Kazakh” (1913 – 1918), outstanding representatives of national intelligentsia were involved in work of the newspaper. First of all, it is the known poet and prose writer M. Dulatov (1885 – 1935), published in 1909 the collection of poetry “ Oyan, Kazakh!” (“Wake up, Kazakh!” ).

The poem given the name to this book, became the manifest The editor of the “Kazakh” newspaper was the poet, the translator, the linguist, teacher A. Baitursynov. sseperiauthorities which have of the “

In the autumn of 1917 another national-political orga­ nization — the «Ush-Zhuz» party — called itself «The Kirghiz (Kazak) socialistic party» (a leader — Kol'bai Togusov) appeared in Kazakhstan. It kept to prosoviet, probolshevist orientation and came out as the main opponent to the Alash party on many questions of the social and political life in Kazakhstan.

Name of party Leaders of partyIdeas, political problems Final aims 1.National- demokratic party of Kazakh intellectuals “Alash” Alikhan Bukeikhanov, Akhmet Baitursynov,, Myrzhakyp Dulatov and others. 1)li­beration of the Kazak people from the colonial past, 2) provision of entering of the Kazak people into the civi­lized world community. Proclamation of the Kazak autonomy

2.The Kirghiz (Kazak) socialistic party ”Ush zhuz” (Three zhuz) Kol'bai TogusovAll the power in the places passes to the Soviets of the workers, soldiers and peasants deputies. “All land to the peasants" “All factories to the workers” Proclamation of the Kazak autonomy on the Soviet base Name of partyLeaders of party Ideas, political problems Final aims

Name of partyLeaders of partyIdeas, political problems Final aims 3.Muslim party ”Shura and Islami”-Council of supporters of Islam M.Abdurashidhanov, M.Shokai Idea of consolidation of Turk-Muslim peoples and achievements of national self- determination by them. Proclamination of ideas of shariat. Proclamation of national- religious autonomy of Turk-Muslim peoples.

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