Romanticism. A literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual at the very center of all life and all experience. Began in 18 th century,

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Presentation transcript:

Romanticism

A literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual at the very center of all life and all experience. Began in 18 th century, but flourished in early years of 19 th century in England with Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats, and later with American romantics such as Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Poe, and Melville

Characteristics of Romanticism Highly values imagination over reason, formal rules, or sense of fact/actual “Liberalism in literature” – freeing the artist from the restraints and rules of the classicists and suggesting individualism, revolutionary political ideas

Two Types of Romantics Transcendentalists – believed that we all have God within and all around us in nature; very optimistic belief that all human beings have the potential to achieve perfection Dark Romantics – disagree with transcendentalists; believed in Original Sin; focused on the darker aspects of mankind: effects of sin, guilt, revenge, etc.

Transcendentalists

Dark Romantics: Edgar Allan Poe & Nathaniel Hawthorne

Characteristics of Romanticism

Nature is associated with truth and God (pantheistic) – Love of Nature!

Enthusiasm for wild, irregular, grotesque

Sympathetic Interest in the Past

Mysticism (the Occult)

Emotional psychology in fiction

Strangeness rather than order in beauty

A psychological desire to escape from unpleasant realities

Idealization of rural life

Primitivism – Enthusiasm for uncivilized or natural

Bolder figures

Individualism & Interest in Human Rights

Sympathy with animal life

Use of experimental verse forms in poetry

Fresher language

Sentimental melancholy