CHAPTER 23 Industrialization of the West
Map Exercise 23.1 Napoleon's Empire (page 543) 1. The Grand Empire of Napoleon a. What areas did Napoleon acquire? b. What states allied with Napoleon? c. What states seemed to be enemies of Napoleon? 2. Upsetting the Balance of Power a. How did Napoleon upset the balance of power? b. Based on Napoleon’s campaigns, what can you predict about his plans?
Map Exercise 23.3 Industrialization in Europe, c (page 545) 1. Reading the map a. Identify the industrial areas of England b. What areas are emerging industrial areas? c. What nation (s) has (have) the densest concentration of railroads? 2. Drawing Conclusions a. What nations would likely experience an industrial revolution? b. Why do you come to this conclusion?
Map Exercise 23.3 The Unification of Italy (pg 551) The Unification of Germany (pg 552) What states united Italy & Germany respectively? What other states did the 2 core nations acquire?
Forces of Change intellectual Enlightenment thinkers challenge existing order population pressure - increase merchants encourage economic & technological changes stimulate expansion youthful independence grew
Revolutions call for change or restoration of past patterns American constitution based on Enlightenment principles French call for change – mid 1700s - limitations on aristocracy & church - increased voice for citizens - middle-class want greater political role - peasants want freedom from landlords
market economy King cannot control Declaration of Rights of Man & the Citizen - assembly abolishes manorialism - enact equality before the law - new parliament limits royal authority - church privileges attacked reforms cause resistance & civil wars in some areas economic chaos
revolution taken over by radical groups universal male suffrage radical leadership falls in 1795 Napoleon Bonaparte - turns revolutionary republic into authoritarian empire - kept many of changes
focus more on foreign expansion control w. Europe except Britain 1815 empire ends - revolutionary ideals survived victorious allies = restore balance of power France not peaceful internally conservative victors liberals radicals socialists nationalists
political discussion center on constitution & political participation revolutions (1820s & 30s)in: Greece Spain Portugal France Italy Germany Belgium secure more liberal rights & religious freedom
Industrial Revolution begin in Britain technological change Enlightenment thinking = ideological base for change origins factory system interchangeable parts coal & coke fuel transportation & communication improved agriculture
Disruptions of Industrial Life movement social changes work conditions end leisurely craft production middle class redefines family life lower classes turned to governments revolts follow – government unresponsive
social reform equal rights “revolutions of 1848” want: liberal constitutions limits on industrialization end of manorialism ethnic demands generally failed aristocracy declines
middle class property owners vs. working class - old alliances that produced revolutions dissolved - revolutions in West become obsolete rise of socialism adjustments to industrial life stable populations children valued material conditions improve peasants improve lives labor movements
Political Trends cautious change Britain – vote to working-class males 1867 Prussia – vote to all adult males conservatives use nationalism to win support united: Italy Germany (1871) most Western nations have parliamentary systems key political issues reduced
New Government Functions expand civil service exams school systems welfare systems set up government & citizen contact with each other rise of socialism - Karl Marx revisionists support parliamentary democracy
feminist movements late 1800s Cultural Change higher wages increased leisure time consumption encouraged (factory capacity) mass leisure culture advances in scientific knowledge - continues tradition of rationalism - Darwin, Einstein, Freud
Artistic Expression romanticism vs rationalism African & East Asian influences Western culture doesn’t synthesize Expansion of West’s power new markets & raw material needed transportation & communication -Europeans & superior weapons help spread empires - immigration europeanization-animated.gif
U.S. - growing power Civil War – 1 st modern war British settler colonies Canada, Australia, New Zealand parliamentary governments, European culture dependent on Great Britain economically
20 th century balance of power altered by Germany’s rise overseas expansion by European countries imperial rivalries add to tension in Europe Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Triple Entente Britain France Russia 1 unstable partner in each all lead into WWI