Ch. 23 Head and Face EYE

Objectives  Describe the anatomy of the head and face.  Discuss common injuries to the head, face, teeth, eyes, nose, ears, and scalp.  Explain various injuries of the brain that an athlete might suffer as a result of athletic participation.  Explain the signs and symptoms of a concussion.  Demonstrate on-field management and assessment of concussions

Eye  1 inch in diameter  Lacrimal ducts-tear ducts  Empties into nasal passage  Conjuctiva-outermost covering of the eye  3 layers that make up the wall  Sclera  Choroid  Retina

Sclera  White part of the eye  Cornea  Window of the eye  Very sensitive to pain and touch

Choroid Coat  Middle layer  Pupil-opening that permits light  Iris-colored part of the eye  Based on melanin present  Extrinsic eye muscles  Moves eye around  Intrinsic eye muscles  Constricts and dilates pupils

Retina  Innermost layer  Does not extend to the front of the eye  Light rays from an object forms an image  Rods and cones-special cells sensitive to light  Retina may change shape causing objects to appear blurry  Correct with contacts or glasses

Corneal Abrasion  A scratch or small cut of the cornea  Caused by dirt, foreign object, or rubbing eyes hard  Fluorescent strips

Eye Contusion  Also known as black eye  Caused by blow to the eye  Should have no vision problems  Discoloration is from bleeding under the skin  Treat with cold compress

Orbital Blow-out Fracture  Fracture of the bones supporting the socket  Caused by blow to the eye by large object  S/S: pain around eye and with eye movement  Cover both eyes and refer to doctor

Hyphema  Bleeding in the eye  Blood will begin to pool in the anterior portion of the eye  Must refer to doctor immediately  Left untreated may cause blindness

Conjunctivitis  Pink Eye  Infection of the conjunctiva  Could be viral, allergic, or bacterial  Treat with cold compress and eye drops  Prescriptions may be required for serious cases

Detached Retina  Caused by blow or even a hard sneeze  Blurred vision  May see sparks, flashes, or a curtain across field of vision  Surgery may be performed to save vision

Stye  Staph infection on the eyelid  Can be external or internal  Apply warm compress