Caravaggio and Rembrandt

Power of Church and Monarchies partially restored Excess ornamentation valued Rome became an artistic center Art filled with emotion/drama Realism instead of idealism Chiaroscuro –Kept from Renaissance and used to create intense drama

Italian Praised for his outstanding detail in painting Condemned for several reasons: Personal life – violent, aggressive and confrontational - killed an individual in Rome – consistently jailed Works were not modest/very violent – excessive/unnecessary nudity - didn’t celebrate beauty as was the norm for art Many felt his works lacked theological correctness – especially in the Death of the Virgin – The church loved his skill and he was the primary painter for the church– eventually excommunicated due to conflicts with the church – “The Antichrist of Painting”

One of best known Baroque artists Dutch (native to the Netherlands) Developed revolutionary technique Use of large amount of paint Use of fewer brushstrokes Made paintings almost seem unfinished (clear and formal looking from a distance) Painted many landscapes and made etchings about nature in the 1630s Many featured trees that had been blown over/very dark cloudy skies

1640 works became more solemn Featured family tragedies he had suffered 1650s his style changed again Richer colors Stronger brushstrokes moved him further from fine detail Last years he focused on self portraits that showed his grief and sorrow that he had suffered

Bach and Handel

Like in visual arts, emotion was very important Most patrons were nobles from state or church Little thought of preservation of music Musicians saw themselves as employees rather than artists and created on demand Music specific to the occasion Few musicians kept their music – preservation usually depended on the patron retaining the work Created independently for the event – often for festivals, weddings, ceremonies, the church, and holidays

Court organist in Weimar Composed the great works for organ Chapel master to the prince of Anhalt 1723 became cantor of St. Thomas’ Church in Leipzig Weekly church cantatas Festive music for major events Fugue – one-movement composition/uses imitative counterpoint

Composed music mostly for the public Known for genre known as oratorio (composed music with vocals) His most famous told the life of Jesus (Messiah) Collapsed at the end of a performance of Messiah and died 3 days later

Ballet – The Beginnings

Grew from court dance of Renaissance Dance masters became a necessity – nobles studied with dance masters Masters started to use rehearsals Dance manuals became common – taught both dance and social etiquette

Given some credit for beginnings of ballet in France 1533 – married French King Henry II She was Italian = French did not like Italy (the marriage was meant to create an alliance) She brought Italian dance master Balthasar de Beaujoyeaux – duties of court entertainment 1581 – Balthasar created Ballet Comique de la Reine (the Queen’s Comic Ballet) – first true ballet Included: large sets, songs, poetry, and prose – performed by court nobles

Continued the French tradition of Ballet “The Sun King” – performed role of Apollo in Ballet de la Nuit (Ballet of the Night) in – established Academie Royale de la Danse (Royal Academy of Dance) – aided in professionalization of the art of ballet Pierre Beauchamp – king’s ballet master – developed common ballet terminology and technique Ballet no longer function of court – moved from palace to theatre First female dancers to professionally perform appeared in 1681 in Le Triomphe de l’Amour (The Triumph of Love)

5-6 sentence summary

Conversion of Saint Paul

Calling of Saint Matthew

David Victorious over Goliath

The Entombment of Christ

The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (Night Watch)

Christ with the Sick around Him, Receiving the Children (etching)

Toccata and Fugue In D Minor Invention 1 Anna Magdalena's Notebook Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring Air On a G String

Ev'ry Valley Shall Be Exalted Glory to God In the Highest Why Do the Nations So Furiously Rage? Hallelujah Chorus Pastoral Symphony

The Four Seasons, Spring The Four Seasons, Summer The Four Seasons, Autumn The Four Seasons, Winter Concerto in C Major for Mandolin and Strings

The Power of Art: Caravaggio notes Baroque ppt. notes with summary Baroque samples