Chapter 11: The Enlightenment

The Rococo Style The rococo style is defined as being softer and more delicate than the baroque.

The Rococo Style In France – The Salon The most prominent of the salon was held by Madame Geoffrin. It was regarded as bringing together the sexes in “good company.”

The Rococo Style In France – Antoine Watteau He was one of the most successful rococo painters. His scenes were peaceful and composed of pastel colors and dream atmospheres. The Music Lesson

The Rococo Style In France – Rosalba Carriera She was a Venetian who introduced the use of pastel crayons as a medium.

The Rococo Style In France – Ballet d’action Created by the French, it was a ballet that communicated through dramatic movements made by the dancers.

The Enlightenment The Enlightenment is defined as the belief that humans could perfect society through the application of intellect to human affairs.

The Enlightenment The Philosophes – The enlightened thinkers of Paris. – Denis Diderot created the Encyclopedia.

The Enlightenment The Philosophes – Voltaire Probably the most influential of all Philosophes. He was intrigued by Newtonian Law and in response championed the deist concept (that God created the universe to operate by rational law).

The Enlightenment The Philosophes – Voltaire He was also the most famous satirist of his age. His most famous work was Candide, which was a parody of rational enlightenment.

The Enlightenment The Philosophes – Jean-Jacques Rousseau He wrote The Social Contract. He codified Locke’s earlier concepts of giving up natural rights for civil liberty in an organized society. He also promoted the general will or the collective interest of the citizens guided by their interests and virtue.

The Enlightenment The Philosophes – Adam Smith He was regarded as a philosophe but was not French. He wrote The Wealth of Nations giving birth to the concept of economics.

The Enlightenment The Philosophes – Adam Smith He proposed the “Invisible Hand Theory,” which stated that economics were determined by the law of supply and demand. He developed the concept of laissez faire in which economics benefitted without the interference of the state.

The Enlightenment The Bourgeoisie (the common) Response – The Novel A long work of narrative fiction with realistic characters and settings. Jane Austen was regarded as the one who perfected the medium. – Sense & Sensibility – Pride & Prejudice

The Enlightenment The Bourgeoisie (the common) Response – German Theater Gotthold Ephraim Lessing authored Sturm and Drang (Storm and Stress) which was dedicated to German nationalism.

The Enlightenment Music – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart He was a master of the galant style, a clear, lively, “natural” style when compared to the baroque. He developed the motif or melodic idea.

The Enlightenment Music – Joseph Haydn He developed the symphony in its Classical form, in which it is composed of four movements.

The Enlightenment Neoclassical Style – Was the art of recapturing the art of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

The Enlightenment Neoclassical Style – Thomas Jefferson He was a major proponent of the style of architecture. Most prominently promoted in his own home Monticello.

The Enlightenment Satire – The idea of poking fun at social evils with the intent of fixing them.

The Enlightenment Satire – Voltaire – Jonathan Swift A Modest Proposal which pointed out the economic disparity between the English and the Irish. He also penned Gulliver’s Travels.