ESS 303 – Biomechanics Hip Joint.

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Presentation transcript:

ESS 303 – Biomechanics Hip Joint

♀/♂ Differences (Women) Entire pelvic girdle tilted forward Bones thinner and lighter Greater distance between greater-superior iliac spines (wider greater or false pelvis) Wider and more spherical true pelvis More triangular obturator foramen Shallower symphasis pubis Wider & more rounded pubic angle

(With Trunk Extension) Sacral Positions Sacral Flexion (With Trunk Extension) Neutral Sacral Extension (With Trunk Flexion)

6 Pelvic Positions Anterior tilt (with trunk flexion or thigh extension) Posterior tilt (with trunk extension or thigh flexion) Left lateral tilt (left side drops) Right lateral tilt (right side drops) Left rotation (left back/right forward) Right rotation (right back/left forward)

4 Femur Neck Angles Angle of inclination Angle of torsion =125º is normal >125º is coxa valga <125º is coxa vara Angle of torsion 12 to 14º is normal Head forward is anteversion or internal femoral torsion (toeing in) – common & usually outgrown in children Head back is retroversion (toeing out)

4 Femur Neck Angles Angle of Wiberg Increases with age Male: about 38° Female: about 35° Acetabular anteversion Male: about 18.5° Female: about 21°

Some Final Notes Roundness of acetabulum decreases with age Transmision of forces between upper and lower extremities Acetabular labrum (fibro-cartilage lip) Adds stability Deepens socket Increases concavity Grasps head

Movements and Major Muscles Adduction: Gracilis & adductors (longus, brevis & magnus) Abduction: Gluteus medius & gluteus minimus Flexion: Iliopsoas (iliacus & psoas major) & rectus femoris Extension: Gluteus maximus & hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus & biceps femoris) Internal (medial) rotation: Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus External (lateral) rotation: Gluteus maximus, adductor brevis & aductor magnus Circumduction, horizontal (transverse) abduction, horizontal (transverse) adduction, hyperabduction, hyperadduction & Hyperextension : Combinations or exaggerations of above