Bacteria and Viruses Chapter 23 and 24

Bacteria are bigger than viruses Viruses can infect bacteria –bacteriophage Bacteria grow in colonies We culture bacteria on an agar gel in a petri plate ANTIBIOTICS- work only BACTERIA! 3 shapes: cocci (sphere), bacillus (rod shaped), spirillum (spiral- shaped)….

MRSA- MRSA infection is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria — often called "staph." MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It's a strain of staph that's resistant to the broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat it. MRSA can be fatal.

H. pylori- gets thru acid and causes stomach ulcers E. Coli- in excrement (toxins) Salmonella- uncooked eggs (toxins) Strepococcus Aureus- strep throat Clostridum botulinum- Botulism- Botox Lactobacillus- make yogurt Bacillus anthracis- Anthrax Treponema Pallidum- Syphillis Borrelia burgdorferi – Lyme disease Clostridum Tetanus- skin wound- nerve Page 472

Anti-biotics Penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 by accident

Antibiotics Bio- means “living” Viruses are NOT alive Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections Bio- means “living” Viruses are NOT alive Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections Bio- means “living” Viruses are NOT alive Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections Bio- means “living” Viruses are NOT alive Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections Bio- means “living” Viruses are NOT alive Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections Bio- means “living” Viruses are NOT alive Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections Antibiotics Bio- means “living” Viruses are NOT alive Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections Antibiotics Bio- means “living” Viruses are NOT alive Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections Bio- means “living” Viruses are NOT alive Anti-Biotics only work against Bacterial infections Ex. Erythromycin, Ampecillin,

List of common antibiotics Penicillin – interrupts building of cell wall Tetracylcine- blocks protein synthesis Erythromycin Clindamycin Amoxicillin Ampicillin Bacitracin

Viruses Are not considered ALIVE, because they have to be inside of a host cell to reproduce…. However they do have DNA and RNA

Viral structure

Viral Infections Chicken Pox- shingles (herpes family) Small pox- cow pox Genital Herpes/ cold sores Viral hepatitis HIV which causes AIDS Ebola Virus- hemorrhagic fever Hanta virus- mice/rodents- pneumonia SARS- civet cats Influenza

Tattooing One of the dangers of getting tattoos is getting Hepatitis- C which is caused by a virus

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Hepatitis - C Virus Infects the liver and can cause death

History of vaccines Small pox has been around since at least 1350 BC 1022 BC- Buddhist nun- “variolation” people that survived smallpox would never get it again- grind up scabs and blow powder 2-3% disastrous- 10 fold improvement

Edward Jenner- 1790’s realizes that people that work w/ cows… develop cowpox… but not the deadly smallpox

So he took pus from a cowpox lesion on a milkmaid and injected an 8 yr old boy- then exposed him VACCINE comes from the latin word vaca which means?

Vaccines To make a vaccine you take a tiny bit of the dead (inactive virus) and you inject it into a healthy person Then the person’s T cells then are able to recognize, and destroy the invaders before they get too far

Anti-viral meds Are used for specific viruses They don’t destroy the virus- they just inhibit their development. (Like making changes so that the virus cannot get into the cell) ONLY CURE- your own body’s defenses!

How do I know if… It’s a Viral Infection …. Or Bacterial Infection…..

Viral Symptoms In general, viral infections are systemic. This means they involve many different parts of the body or more than one body system at the same time; i.e. a runny nose, sinus congestion, cough, body aches etc. They can be local at times as in viral conjunctivitis or "pink eye" and herpes. Only a few viral infections are painful, like herpes. The pain of viral infections is often described as itchy or burning

Bacterial Symptoms localized redness, heat, swelling and pain. local pain, pain that is in a specific part of the body. Ex.) Cut with bacteria?, pain will occur at the site of the infection. Bacterial throat pain is often characterized by more pain on one side of the throat. An ear infection is more likely to be diagnosed as bacterial if the pain occurs in only one ear A possibly infected cut that produces pus and milky-colored liquid is most likely infected

Impetigo