The Appendicular Skeleton Includes: Limbs (appendages) Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint) Pelvic girdle (hip joint) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Composed of two bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton Scapula Clavicle Allows the upper limb a great deal of freedom © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5.23a Bones of the shoulder girdle. Acromio- clavicular joint Clavicle Scapula (a) Articulated right shoulder (pectoral) girdle showing the relationship to bones of the thorax and sternum

Figure 5.23b Bones of the shoulder girdle. Sternal (medial) end Posterior Acromial (lateral) end Anterior Superior view Acromial end Sternal end Anterior Posterior Inferior view (b) Right clavicle, superior and inferior views

Figure 5.23c Bones of the shoulder girdle. Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Superior angle Acromion Glenoid cavity at lateral angle Spine Medial border Lateral border (c) Right scapula, posterior aspect

Figure 5.23d Bones of the shoulder girdle. Acromion Suprascapular notch Superior border Coracoid process Superior angle Glenoid cavity Lateral (axillary) border Medial (vertebral) border Inferior angle (d) Right scapula, anterior aspect

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Arm One bone: The Humerus At the proximal end, the head articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula This is a ball and socket joint At the distal end, the trochlea and capitulum articulate with the bones of the forearm © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5.24a Bones of the right arm and forearm. Head of humerus Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Anatomical neck Intertubercular sulcus Deltoid tuberosity Radial fossa Medial epicondyle Coronoid fossa (a) Capitulum Trochlea

Figure 5.24b Bones of the right arm and forearm. Head of humerus Anatomical neck Surgical neck Radial groove Deltoid tuberosity Medial epicondyle Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle (b) Trochlea

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. The Forearm Two bones Ulna—medial bone in anatomical position Proximal end articulation Coronoid process and olecranon articulate with the humerus Radius—lateral bone in anatomical position Olecranon gives us the distinct elbow © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5.24c Bones of the right arm and forearm. Trochlear notch Olecranon Head Coronoid process Neck Proximal radioulnar joint Radial tuberosity Radius Ulna Inter- osseous membrane Ulnar styloid process Radial styloid process Distal radioulnar joint (c)

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Hands Carpals—wrist arranged in two rows of 4 bones in each hand Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform (Row 1) trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (Row 2) “some lovers try positions that they can’t handle” Metacarpals—palm (5 per hand) Phalanges—fingers and thumb In each finger, there are 3 bones In the thumb, there are only 2 bones Thumb is called the pollex © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5.25 Bones of the right hand, anterior view. Distal Middle Phalanges (fingers) Proximal 3 2 4 Metacarpals (palm) 5 1 Hamate Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid Carpals (wrist) Triquetrum Scaphoid Lunate Capitate Ulna Radius