Physical Science Matter Science – Grade 8

Facts About Matter? All matter is made up of atoms Matter is found all over the universe Matter can be grouped into three states (forms): 1) solid (like a pencil) 2) liquid (like water) 3) gas (like the helium used to fill balloons)

Facts About Matter? Matter has three properties: 1) shape: the form it takes 2) mass: the amount of matter in an object (measured in grams) 3) volume: the space it takes

Word Study The word volume has different meanings. It can mean “loudness.” Example: I can’t hear the radio. Please turn up the volume. It also means “the amount of space something occupies (takes).” Example: The volume of lemonade in the pitcher is 2 liters.

Word Study The word property also has different meanings. Property can mean an objet own by someone. If you own a bicycle, it is your property. Property can also mean “a characteristic or trait.” One property of this apple is that it is red.

Keep in Mind We measure the volume of a liquid or a solid with a graduated cylinder. We measure the mass of an object with a balance. Matter has boiling points, melting points and freezing points. We measure this with a thermometer.

Solid Easy to recognize Have shape, mass and volume Shape does NOT change Made up of atoms packed closely together Examples: TVs, beds, chairs, food you eat

Liquid Shape can change Have definite mass and volume Different from solids because atoms can move around Take the shape of their containers Examples: water, milk, juice, sodas

Gas Do NOT have definite shape or volume Shape and volume can change Take the shape of their containers Atoms are spaced You cannot see them Examples: air you breathe, air in the tires, the sun!

Changes of State Think of it this way: An ice cube is a solid. If you heat an ice cube, it melts and changes to water. Water is a liquid. The melting point of ice is 0°C. If you heat the water, it boils and becomes steam. Steam is a gas. The boiling point of water is 100°C.

Gas: Steam Liquid: Water of 3 States Water Solid: ice cubes Three states of water Liquid: Water Solid: ice cubes 3 States of Water Gas: Steam

Matter: Changes Physical Changes: When matter changes shape and state. During this change the identity of the substance does NOT change. For example when ice melts it is a physical change. When glass breaks, it is a physical change. :

Matter: Changes Chemical Changes: During a chemical change NEW substances form. These new substances can elements or compounds. They have DIFFERENT properties from the original substance. For example, when wood burns, it produces ashes and gases. They have different properties from wood. :

Practice: States of Matter Follow the link to practice: NeoK12 Practice Use Guest Password: Ask your teacher for the password. Click on activities and quizzes for matter