Statistics Storage Volume (Billion m 3 ) Installed Power Generation Capacity (Mw) TotalFlood Irrigation & Hyrdopower Dead Tigris Basin Mosul Dam Dokan Dam Derbend-i Khan Dam Hemrin Dam Tharthar Lake Total Euphrates Basin Haditha Dam Habbaniyah Lake Razaza Lake Sulaibat Depression Total Grand Total

Area Proportion (%) of Basin in: TotalWithin AreaIraq Turkey IranSyriaIraq km 2 %% Tigris471,158235, Euphrates444,000177,

Statistics Annual InflowPercentage of Inflow from: AverageWetDry Turkey IranSyriaIraq km 3 Tigris Year 1969Year 1999 Euphrates Year 1969Year 2001 Total

Water Facts Over 70% of Iraq’s water comes from Turkey Over 70% of Iraq’s water comes from Turkey 70% of flow occurs in 4 months ending in May 70% of flow occurs in 4 months ending in May No control or coordination of inflow from Turkey, Syria or Iran No control or coordination of inflow from Turkey, Syria or Iran All reservoirs designed for carry-over storage All reservoirs designed for carry-over storage Over 100 water control structures Over 100 water control structures Total area of Iraq is 438,320 km2 Total area of Iraq is 438,320 km2 Between 1985 to 2000, the marsh area was reduced from 14,777 to 2,291 km2 Between 1985 to 2000, the marsh area was reduced from 14,777 to 2,291 km2

Where will water for marsh restoration come from? On-farm water management efficiencies(~ 10%) On-farm water management efficiencies(~ 10%) Concrete lining of canals (~ 10%) Concrete lining of canals (~ 10%) Reallocation Treaty w/Turkey (15%) Reallocation Treaty w/Turkey (15%) Volumetric water use fees (~ 10%) Volumetric water use fees (~ 10%) Market prices for agricultural inputs (~ 15%) Market prices for agricultural inputs (~ 15%) Retire farms with salinized soils (~ 10%) Retire farms with salinized soils (~ 10%) Improve water distribution, forecasting (~5%) Improve water distribution, forecasting (~5%) Rehabilitate old irrigation systems (~15%) Rehabilitate old irrigation systems (~15%) “Best Guess” : ~1%/yr increase (0.4 km3/yr) “Best Guess” : ~1%/yr increase (0.4 km3/yr) (sustains marsh ~ 150 km2) (sustains marsh ~ 150 km2)

IRAQ KUWAIT SAUDI ARABIA JORDAN SYRIA TURKEY IRAN Gulf Baghdad Euphrates Tigris Karkheh Tharthar Basra The Southern Marsh Region of Iraq

K U W A I T Hammar Euphrates I R A Q I R A N Tigris al-Gharraf al-Muminah Central Amarah Hawizeh Shatt al Arab The Destruction of the Marshes Hawizeh Basra Main Outfall Drain (MOD) Tigris Flow Diverted to Depression “Prosperity” River Levees Flow Diverted to Bypass Marsh

1972

1990

1997

K U W A I T Hammar Euphrates I R A Q I R A N Tigris al-Gharraf al-Muminah Central Amarah Hawizeh Shatt al Arab Restoration Projects In Supplemental Request Hawizeh Basra Construct Regulators To Control Outflow and Water Level in Marsh Build Gates to Allow Tidal Flushing of Basra Canals Install Large Culverts Through Embankments For Accessing Euphrates River

K U W A I T Hammar Euphrates I R A Q I R A N Tigris al-Gharraf al-Muminah Central Amarah Hawizeh Shatt al Arab Restoration Projects Under Study Hawizeh Basra Prosperity River Option A 2.Prosperity River Option B 3.Prosperity River Option C 4.Tidal Canal Restoration 5.Restore Tidal Canals in lower Shatt Al-Arab 6.Dalmage Lake Brackish Water Marsh 7.Musharah River Dredging to Maintain flow to Hawizeh Marsh 8.Abu Zaragh Marsh 7 8

K U W A I T Hammar Euphrates I R A Q I R A N Tigris al-Gharraf al-Muminah Central Amarah Hawizeh Shatt al Arab Restoration in Progress Hawizeh Basra Abu Zaragh Marsh 2.Flooding 3.Flooding 4.Levee breach 5.Increased flow to Hawizeh marsh 6.Block Diversion from Euphrates to MOD

Marsh Rice Marsh Rice Marsh Rice Euphrates OPTION: PROSPERITY RIVER MARSH/AGRICULTURE 95 km long 2 km wide ~100 km 2 of rice ~100 km 2 of marsh Weirs 2 km tributaries

Main Outfall Drain

CURRENT MARSHLAND STATUS Mertes, L. A. K., 2004, Synoptic monitoring of water's return to Mesopotamian marshlands: EOS, American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 33, p NASA MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)