Types of Rocks. 3 Basic Types Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic.

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Presentation transcript:

Types of Rocks

3 Basic Types Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic

3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks Clastic Chemical Organic

Clastic Sedimentary Rock Sediments form when rocks are weathered and eroded Sediments are moved by wind, glaciers and water Most clastic sediments are deposited in the ocean

Clastic Sedimentary Rock Particle size is key to type of rock –Gravel is > 2 mm –Sand is 1/16 mm to 2 mm –Mud is < 1/16 mm Clay is < 4 um Silt is > 4 um

Sandstone

Conglomerate

Shale

Chemically Precipitated Sedimentary Rock Ions released during chemical weathering are carried away in solution Inorganic Precipitates –Halite –Gypsum Organic precipitates –Silica (diatoms) –Calcium carbonate – shells - CaCO 3 –Dolomite - CaMg(CO 3 ) 2

Halite

Gypsum

Diatomaceous Earth

Limestone

Dolomite

Organic Sedimentary Rock Sediments or rocks consisting mostly or entirely from plant material –Peat –Coal BituminousAnthracite

Sedimentary Environments Lakes Lower courses of rivers Shallow ocean Deep ocean

Extrusive & Intrusive Igneous Rocks Intrusive- Magma under the surface –Coarse-grained –Magma cools slowly and large crystals grow over a long period of time –Gabbro, diorite, granite

Granite

Gabbro

Extrusive & Intrusive Igneous Rocks Extrusive- Lava at the surface –Fine-grained –Lava cools very quickly, consequently crystals do not have time to grow and develop –Basalt, andesite, rhyolite, obsidian

Basalt

Rhyolite

Obsidian

Explosive Volcanism Fragmented magma ejected explosively –Ash plumes –Pyroclastic flows

Pumice

Metamorphic Rocks Rocks change at the chemical level Grade of metamorphism Shearing Foliation

Nature of Metamorphism Changes take place while a solid Due to heat and pressure Protolith – original rock

Metamorphic Rocks Foliated vs. Nonfoliated

Metamorphic Rocks Foliated- Metamorphic rock in which minerals have been rearranged into visible bands.

Schist

Gneiss

Slate

Metamorphic Rocks Nonfoliated- Metamorphic rock that does not show bands.

Marble

Quartzite

Regional vs. Contact Metamorphism Regional Contact (or thermal)

Contact Metamorphism