Binary Data Storage and Manipulation Adam DeNoble Chris Kratz John Moss Ted Trisco

Binary Data Storage and Manipulation Our purpose: – Brief history of counting and its machines – Binary system and implementation to circuitry – Logic gates and our circuitry project – Demonstration – Extension and nano circuitry

Historical development of number systems Overview of historical methods of communicating numbers – Abacus in China, Greece and Rome – Pascal and Pascaline – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and the binary system

Historical development of number systems Overview of historical implementation of counting and calculating machines – Analytical Machine – “Tabulator Machine” – Electromechanical calculators – First generation IBM

The Binary System Decimal system (0-9) Binary (0 and 1) – Single digit = 1 bit – Our project uses 8 bits (1 byte) Addition – Simple arithmetic rules = = = = 0 (carry 1 to next column) Subtraction – Two’s complement

Correlation between binary data and electrical current Implementation – Logical on / off system works by channeling voltage – Ease of communication between electronic devices Advantages – Logical simplicity – Fast processing speed

Correlation between binary data and electrical current Binary representation remains the standard – Underlying implementation of the high level programming that is the staple of software today

Logic Circuitry Basic gates – AND Input AInput BOutput True FalseTrueFalse TrueFalse

Logic Circuitry Basic gates – OR Input AInput BOutput True FalseTrue FalseTrue False

Logic Circuitry Basic gates – NAND Input AInput BOutput True False True FalseTrue False True

Logic Circuitry Basic gates – XOR Input AInput BOutput True False True FalseTrue False

Our Circuitry Project: 8-bit binary adder What it does – Representation of an Arithmetic Logic Unit – Takes human input of 2 binary numbers – Light emitting diodes show current bit patterns and the sum

Our Circuitry Project: 8-bit binary adder Basic construction – Transistors – Resistors – Switches – LED’s/Bulbs Bits Flags

Our Circuitry Project: 8-bit adder Flags – Sign – Zero – Carry – Overflow

Demonstration Example of addition Example of addition with audience volunteer

Extension Easily modified with pin header

Nano circuitry Method by which modern computing processors are manufactured Manufactured in safe/clean environment Proportion: Our project vs. Pentium IV

THANK YOU! Question and Answer Time Website