Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Nucleic.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Nucleic.
Advertisements

Chapter 13.3 (Pgs ): Mutations
Genetic Mutations Recombinant DNA Viruses Chapter 22 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis.
Chapter 17.5 Gene expression and Mutations
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc Genetic Mutations If the enzyme.
Nucleic Acids RNA and Transcription The Genetic Code Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis RNA Single strand of nucleotides Contains uracil instead of thymine Made of the 5-Carbon sugar Ribose instead of deoxyribose (DNA)
Mutations are changes in genetic material
CHAPTER 10 Protein Synthesis
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Nucleic.
Mutations.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Gene Mutations Higher Human Biology Unit 1 – Human Cells.
3.4/7.2 DNA REPLICATION Two DNA molecules are constructed from one, therefore each new molecule contains one original strand and one new strand  a semi-conservative.
What are the parts of DNA? Vocabulary word for chapter 6.
CHAPTER 13 GENE REGULATION 1. 2 Mutation Mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of bases in DNA. Protein is completely inactivated Germ-line mutations.
MUTATIONS.
Higher Biology Chapter 16 Gene Mutations. This type of mutation involves a change in one or more of the nucleotides in a strand of DNA. There are four.
Mutations Learning Targets: Describe different gene mutations.
Mutations Curly winged fruit flies Drosophila, short leg bassett hounds and seedless grapes are all examples of mutations.
What is a mutation? A mutation is any change in genetic material. There are many ways for mutations to occur. Common point mutations are...
Chapter 14 Homework is due on Sunday, January 25 at 11:59 pm The Chapter 13 and 14 test is on Monday.
Point Mutations Silent Missense Nonsense Frameshift.
the Genetic Code Shown as mRNA 5′ → 3′ 64 codons Redundant
Mutations in DNA changes in the DNA sequence that can be inherited can have negative effects (a faulty gene for a trans- membrane protein leads to cystic.
Mutations Changes in DNA may result in disease. Mutations: Page 96 1) Define mutation from page 224 in your textbook. 2) Decide from paragraph 2 if all.
Genes and Gene Mutations. Gene: a sequence of DNA bases that code for a product, usually a protein. Gene mutation: a change in the sequence of bases.
Slide 1 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12-4 Mutations 12–4 Mutations.
Mutations Can Change the Meaning of Genes CH 11 Section 6.
MUTATIONS. Mutations are heritable changes in genetic information Only mutation in the GAMETES can be passed on from generation to generation There can.
 During replication (in DNA), an error may be made that causes changes in the mRNA and proteins made from that part of the DNA  These errors or changes.
GENETICS AND GENETICALLY LINKED DISEASES Chapter 22.
End Show Slide 1 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12-4 Mutations Outline 12–4: Mutations.
Protein Synthesis. RNA vs. DNA Both nucleic acids – Chains of nucleotides Different: – Sugar – Types of bases – Numbers of bases – Number of chains –
Gene Regulation and Mutation Notes and Questions How do mutations affect a cell?
GENETIC MUTATIONS What is this picture depicting?.
Fantasy Mutations Reality. Mutations: a permanent and heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. Are caused by mutagens (x-rays and UV light)
Unit 6 Notes: Mutations. DNA Mutations Mutations: Any change in the sequence of nitrogenous bases of DNA. Causes: – Mutagens = factors that change chemical.
Gene Regulation and Mutation Notes and Questions How do mutations affect a cell?
Protein synthesis continued.  Transcription is step 1  DNA  mRNA  Nucleus  RNA polymerase.
A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA Ultimate source of genetic diversity Gene vs. Chromosome.
21.7 Genetic Mutations A peacock with albinism does not produce the melanin needed to make bright colors for its feathers. Learning Goal Identify the.
Gene Mutations.
Protein Synthesis.
Mutations.
Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Types of Mutations.
MUTATIONS.
Types of point mutations
UNIT: DNA and RNA What is a mutation and how does it cause changes in organisms?  Mutations -changes in a single base pair in DNA=changes in the nucleotide.
Mutations & Genetic Engineering
Mutations.
UNIT: DNA and RNA What is a mutation and how does it cause changes in organisms?  Mutations Alternative alleles (traits) of many genes result from changes.
Ch.6s.2 Genetics: Protein Synthesis
Distinguish between codon and anticodon.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
MUTATIONS.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Unit 6 Notes: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS & MUTATIONS
MUTATIONS.
Protein Synthesis.
Mutations.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Unit 1 Human Cells Higher Human Biology for CfE Miss Aitken
Chapter 17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
12–4 Mutations 12-4 Mutations Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Presentation transcript:

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 17.6 Genetic Mutations 1

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Mutations A mutation, or change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, can result from mutagens such as radiation and chemicals produce one or more incorrect codons in mRNA produce a protein containing one or more incorrect amino acids produce defective proteins and enzymes cause genetic diseases 2

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Mutations A substitution or point mutation is the replacement of one base in the template strand of DNA with another. If a substitution or point mutation changes the nucleotide, a different amino acid may be inserted into the polypeptide. If this produces no change in the amino acid sequence, it is called a silent mutation. A frameshift mutation is the insertion of a single nucleotide into the sequence resulting in a change to all subsequent codons, leading to a new amino acid sequence. 3

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Normal DNA and Protein Synthesis 4 The normal DNA sequence produces a mRNA that provides instructions for the correct series of amino acids in a protein.

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Mutation: Substitution 5 Substitution of a base in DNA changes a codon in the mRNA of a different codon leads to the placement of an incorrect amino acid in the polypeptide

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Frameshift Mutation In a frameshift mutation, an extra base adds to or is deleted from the normal DNA sequence all the codons in mRNA and amino acids are incorrect from the base change 6

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Effect of Mutations When a mutation causes a change in the amino acid sequence the structure of the resulting protein may be severely altered, causing loss of its biological activity. Altered enzymes cannot catalyze reactions, and possible toxins may accumulate in the body and may be lethal. When this condition is hereditary, it is called a genetic disease. 7

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Examples of Genetic Diseases Galactosemia Cystic fibrosis Down syndrome Muscular dystrophy Huntington’s disease Sickle-cell anemia Hemophilia Tay-Sachs disease 8

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Identify each type of mutation as a substitution or frameshift. A. Cytosine (C) enters the DNA sequence. B. One adenosine is removed from the DNA sequence. C. A base sequence of TGA in DNA changes to TAA. 9

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Identify each type of mutation as a substitution or frameshift. A. Cytosine (C) enters the DNA sequence.frameshift B. One adenosine is removed from the DNA sequence. frameshift C. A base sequence of TGA in DNA changes to TAA. substitution 10

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.