Course Title: Introduction to Computer Course Instructor: ILTAF MEHDI Chapter No: 04 1BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)

Chapter NoChapter NamePage No 1.Introduction to Information Technology01 2.Hardware: Input and Output251 3.Hardware: The CPU and Storage189 4.Software117 5.Communications, Networks and Safeguards309 6.Internet49 BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)2 Course Contents

Software Software: Def: The set of programs is called software. SOFTWRAE System Software Operating System Service Software Programming Language Translator Application Software Business Software Productivity Software Education Software 3BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)

Types of software: 1.System Software 2.Application Software BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)4

1. System Software System Software: Def: “System software is that type of software which coordinates the operation of the computer and helps the computer to carry out tasks”. The system software is the set of instructions or programs which are designed by the manufacturers of computers for the user of a computer. Much of this software will be a program that contributes to the control and performance of the computer system. Such programs are given the collective name System Software. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)5

Characteristics of System Software Some characteristics of System Software:  System Software is developed to use computer Hardware.  System Softwares are normally developed by the computer manufacturers.  System Softwares improve the efficiency of the computer.  System Softwares provide a plate form to the users to work with computer. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)6

Groups of the System Software Groups of the System Software: There are basically three main groups of the System Software, which are given below: i.Operating System (O.S) ii.Programming Language Translator (P.L.T) iii.Service Software BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA) 7

i. Operating System (O.S) Operating System (O.S): An O.S is a collection of the system programs that control and coordinate the overall operation of a computer system. These programs act as an interface between the hardware and the applications software. It manages the resources of the computer namely the central processing unit, memory and input/output devices. O.S Supervises the overall operation of the computer, controls the flow of data, switch input/output devices and calls program for storage. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)8

Functions of O.S The are major functions of the O.S: Booting Controlling basic Input and Output devices Allocating System Resources Managing Storage space Maintaining Security Detection of Equipment failure O.S provides a plate form to run other softwares O.S schedules an efficient use of the CPU BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)9

What is Booting process? Def: “Booting is the process of loading an operating System into a computer’s main memory”. The loading is done by programs stored permanently in the computer’s electronic circuitry (called ROM). When you turn on the computer system, programs called diagnostic routines test the main memory, the central processing unit and other parts of the system to make sure they are running properly. NEXT, BIOS (basic input-output system) programs are copied to main memory and help the computer interpret keyboard characters or transmit characters to the display screen or to a diskette. Then the boot program obtains O.S from Hard Disk and loads it into the computer main memory, where it remains until you turn the computer off. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)10

ii. Programming Language Translator (P.L.T) Programming Language Translator (P.L.T): Def: “The programming language Translators are used to transform the human readable form (HRF) into machine readable form (MRF)”. Def: “Translators are the conversion programs which converts the source code into machine code”. The translators depend on the programming language which a programmer used. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)11

Types of Programming Language Translator: There are three types of translators used, those are: Assembler Interpreter Compiler The Assembler translator is used with low level language, Assembly language. The Interpreter and Compiler are used in High Level Languages and Scripting languages. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)12

iii. Service Software Service programs are known as special programs. It makes life as a user little easier. It can be further subdivided into: a)Utility programs b)Library programs c)Device drivers BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)13

a). Utility programs Hundred of utilities programs help us to better manage available hardware, software and data resources.  A text editor utility program is used to create and modify a document.  Another popular utility program called data compression. It is used to reduce the size of a stored image or text etc.  The other well known utility programs are: Backup, Data Recovery, file Defragmentation, Disk Scanner and Disk Cleanup The utility programs or softwares are used to do the following tasks: Preparation of disks to store data/information Detect viruses on a disk Prepare, copy, merge, sort out and update files. Protects monitor screen from burning during idle monitors by screen saver utility program. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)14

b). Library programs Library programs maintains a directory of frequently used software module and their locations. Library program are executed when user, O.S or an application program requested. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)15

c). Device drivers The type of the programs require to run peripheral devices such as mouse, keyboard, floppy disk, CD-ROM, modem, printer etc require to install software that tells your computer how to use the device. This type of software is called a device driver. When you purchase a hardware device, you also receive a disk containing a device driver. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)16

2. Application Software Def: “Application software is the set of instructions or programs which are developed by the programmer to solve specific problems”. These programs are written in computer languages such as C, C++, C-Sharp, Java,ASP, ASP. Net The user programs (payroll programs, account programs etc) are also called application softwares. A first PC application programs were designed to create letters and memos and the electronic spreadsheet was created to manage numeral data. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)17

Groups of Application Software Application Software can be further subdivided into the following groups: a.Productivity Software b.Business Software c.Education Software d.Entertainment Software BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)18

a. Productivity Software Productivity Software is the most important type of application software. It helps you to work most effectively. Productivity software includes:  Word processing Software  Spreadsheet Software  Database Management Software  Graphics Software BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)19

b. Business Software A second major software category is the business software, which helps organizations efficiently. Business Softwares include: Accounting software is designed to computerized the book-keeping tasks typically required in most business. Payroll software keeps track of employee hours and produces the reports required by the government for income tax reporting. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)20

c. Education Software Education Software is designed to help you learn more about particular topic. One type of education software is called tutorial software. It will help you to learn how the things work. The other E.S is electronic encyclopedias which can help you to look up facts and any topic. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)21

d. Entertainment Software Entertainment software is designed to entertain you. With entertainment software you can play different kind of games, also play music, see movies, etc. BY ILTAF MEHDI (MCS, MCSE, CCNA)22