Literary research in Ayurveda Dr. K. Murali Professor Department of Kayachikitsa Govt. Ayurveda College Tripunitura-682 301 muralivaidyaka@yahoo.com

Types of research Basic Clinical Pharmacological Literary

Literary research Primary- with specific aims & objectives Secondary- prior to other studies

Need of literary research Retrieval of lost information Elucidation of concepts Identification of scientific methodology Identification of the area of research Integrative

Need of literary research Identification of research topic Important variables Information on what is already done Contextualising the current work Understanding the theoretical concepts and terminology Preparation of bibliography and references Anticipation of problems in the research

Ayurvedic literature Large collection of literature Commentaries- Sanskrit& other languages Different schools Regionalities

Sources Agama Easy sources- texts, commentaries, translations, references Rare sources- palm leaf mss, paper mss, books that are out of print. Secondary sources as compilations-correlative studies-critical studies Modern sources- internet-

Other sources Ancient sources:- Vedic literature, Post Vedic literature Modern sources:- Current books, photocopies, scanned materials, internet, research journals Archeological sources:- Excavations, inscriptions, mss.

Sources Primary- texts & commentaries-compodiums-inscriptions Secondary- journals articles, books monographs, handbooks, translations

requirements Sound knowledge of Sanskrit Sound knowledge of English/Hindi/reg.languages Skill to interpret Training in manuscriptology

Development of skill Continuous study Referring other knowledge systems Sharing the knowledge Meeting senior experts

Steps in literary research Identification Collection Compilation Summation Analysis & conclusion

Steps in lit. research Aims & objectives Hypothesis Defining concepts Working definitions Collection & analysis Integration

Methods of interpretation Pada-ccheda Padartha- dictionaries, context Vigraha Vakyayojana Akshepa-samadhana Upotghata Padaccheda Padartha Padavigraha Chaalana Pratyavasta

Need of Interpretation Application Debates Teaching, higher learning

Why interpret? Inadequacies of language Conciseness To redact To reject misinterpretation For consensus

Why interpret? Elucidation of concepts To explain the rationale Preservation of original texts Preservation of different versions

Ideal Text arthabahulam trividha sishya budhi hitam aarsham supraneeta sutra bhashya samgraham svadharam lakshanavat udaharanavat Jnapana samartham

Commentarial literature in ayurveda Charakasamhitha-40 Charakanyasa charakapanchaika nirantarapada ayurvedadipika tatvachandrika jalpakalpataru charakopaskara charakapradipika Susruthasamhitha-18 Jaijati nyayachandrika prasnavidhana bhanumati nibandhasamgraha susrutarthasamdipana

Commentarial literature in ayurveda Ashtangahridaya-44 Sasilekha sarvangasundari anvayamala pathya brihatpathya hridya hridayabodhini vakyapradipika lalitha padarthakaumudi

Commentaries Merits Demerits

Significance of commentaries Continuing process Representation of regional adaptations More clinical interpretation Identification of drugs Study of history

Interpreting ayurvedic texts kanadam panineeyam cha sarvasastropakarakam tantrayukti

Tantrayukti Tantra- knowledge system,text Yukti- correlating the verses with appropriate meaning TANTRAYUKTI arthayojana vakyayojana

Tantrayukti Asadvaadi pratishedha Leenokti prakasha Vyatyaasokti prakasha Lesokti prakasha

Tantrayukti- a review Contextual references adhikarana ateetapeksha anaagataapeksha prasanga

Tantrayukti- a review Exopositional nature svasamjna vyaakhaana nirdesha uddesha nidarshana nirvachana apadesha

Tantrayukti- a review Coinciding with pramana arthapathi uhya sambhava upadesha

Tantrayukti- a review Pertaining to vada purvapaksha anumata nirnaya

Tantrayukti- a review Giving options Samsaya Vikalpana

Tantryukti- a review Elucidating implied meaning yoga hetvartha padaartha vaakyasesha prayojana

Tantrayukti- a review Arriving at consensus anekantha pradesha vidhana

Tantrayukti- a review Reaching conclusions ekantha upadesha

Trantrayukti Eventhough Trantrayukties can be used in all the technical literature it is mostly used in ayurveda. Trantrayukties are not only the means of interpretation, but they have to be considered in the composition of a treatise.

Manuscriptology Collection Preservation Study Deciphering Editing Publishing

Shorea robusta C. F. Gaertn

Taalapatra

Preservation of manuscripts tailaat rakshet jalaad rakshet rakshet shitila bandhanaath| murka-haste na daatavyam evam vadati pusthakam

Preservation of manuscripts Ancient techniques Using of nimba patra, peacock feather, sarpa nirmuka etc in between the papers. 2. Keeping in air tightened wooden box. 3. vacha & karpoora are tied in a small a piece of cloth and kept in the boxes etc.

Preservation of manuscripts Sufficient light & air circulation Avoid direct sunlight or artificial light Pesticides Fumigation Naphthalene tablets Lemon grass oil Termite control

National Manuscript Mission February 2003 Ministry of Tourism and Culture Government of India Aims:- to locate, document, preserve and render these accessible to connect India's past with its future, its memory with its aspirations