A Culture in Conflict

Physics Marie and Pierre Curie begin experimenting with radioactivity

Science Einstein advances his theory of relativity

Psychology Freud pioneers psychoanalysis (lying on the couch) and develops theories about unconscious and subconscious

Art Movements Fauvist Movement, Cubist Movement, 1900s-1930s Dada Movement, Surrealist Movement, 1920s- 1960s Social Commentary Movement, 1900s-1950s Bauhaus/International Style, 1920s-1930s

Fauvism

Cubism Shows artist’s conception of a new world with own system of order reduces nature to basic shapes

Georges Braque Considered by some art historians to precede Picasso in coining term and movement focuses on simultaneous views of object

Picasso Most famous cubist artist has Blue Period & Rose Period influenced by African tribal art synthetic and analytic cubism

Dada Short movement focuses on machine- produced utilitarian articles as art Bauhaus Movement grows out of this, as well as modern art

Marcel Duchamp

Hans Arp

Max Ernst

Abstract Art Paul Klee

Vasily Kandinsky

Surrealism Mocks the rationalist views of Western Civilization focuses on dreams and irrational thoughts Movement is still in evidence today

Surrealism Salvador Dali, Persistence of Memory, 1931

Rene Magritte Considered first surrealist attempted to show dream experiences in which recognizable forms appear in surprising combinations

Joan Miro surrealist borders on modern art due to lack of common ground with viewer also produced ceramic works

Miro’s Works

Social Commentary Movement Points out injustices through artwork Examples of Spanish Civil War, World War I, and Latin American problems

Picasso’s Guernica 1937

Kathe Kollwitz

Architecture Frank Lloyd Wright – function should determine form

The Guggenheim

Hollyhock House

Marin County Civic Center

Weltzheimer House

Bauhaus Follows Dada Movement in art Focuses on idea of “art follows function” No need for ornamentation lays groundwork for Modern Architecture Movement

Literature “Loss of faith” writers: T.S. Eliot and Ernest Hemingway Stream of consciousness writers: James Joyce and Virginia Woolf

Radio The new invention of the radio creates mass culture

Jazz Pioneered by African Americans, combines Western harmonies with African rhythms

Women and Society Flappers shocked their elders Some progress was made: suffrage, higher education, more acceptance into new fields such as science and art