A TOUR OF THE CELL

MICROSCOPES PROVIDE WINDOWS TO THE WORLD OF THE CELL – THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROSCOPES COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE

A TOUR OF THE CELL

COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE – SCANNING VS. TRANSMISSION

A TOUR OF THE CELL RESOLUTION VS MAGNIFICATION

A TOUR OF THE CELL FIELD OF VIEW – MICRONS (MICROMETERS) – LOW POWER F.O.V. VS HIGH POWER F.O.V

A TOUR OF THE CELL CELL SIZE VARIES WITH FUNCTION – CHICKEN EGG VS HUMAN EGG – WHAT’S THE LONGEST CELL AROUND?

A TOUR OF THE CELL NATURAL LAWS LIMIT CELL SIZE – WHAT’S THE MINIMUM SIZE FOR A CELL? – WHAT’S THE MAXIMUM SIZE FOR A CELL? THE SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO DILEMMA

A TOUR OF THE CELL PROKARYOTIC CELLS – DEFINITION??

A TOUR OF THE CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL ORGANELLES – NUCLEOID – RIBOSOMES – PLASMA MEMBRANE – CELL WALL – CAPSULE – PILI – FLAGELLUM

A TOUR OF THE CELL EUKARYOTIC CELLS – DEFINITION??

A TOUR OF THE CELL WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE TO HAVING MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES? CYTOPLASM? ORGANELLES? MOST ORGANELLES OVERLAP/EXIST IN BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS – EXCEPTIONS?? CHLOROPLASTS, CELL WALLS, LYSOSOMES, CENTRIOLES

A TOUR OF THE CELL HOW ARE WE GOING TO SORT THROUGH ALL OF THESE ORGANELLES? – ONE AT A TIME!!!

A TOUR OF THE CELL THE NUCLEUS – THE GENETIC CONTROL CENTER OF THE CELL

A TOUR OF THE CELL THE NUCLEUS – THE GENETIC CONTROL CENTER DNA?? CHROMATIN?? CHROMOSOMES?? NUCLEAR ENVELOPE?? NUCLEOLUS??

A TOUR OF THE CELL THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM – NETWORK OF ORGANELLES THAT WORK TOGETHER IN THE SYNTHESIS, STORAGE, AND EXPORT OF IMPORTANT MOLECULES

A TOUR OF THE CELL ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM – ROUGH E.R. – NETWORK OF INTERCONNECTED FLATTENED SACS, COVERED WITH RIBOSOMES, WITH TWO MAIN FUNCTIONS MAKE MORE MEMBRANE MAKE PROTEINS TO BE SECRETED BY THE CELL

A TOUR OF THE CELL ROUGH E.R.

A TOUR OF THE CELL SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM – SMOOTH E.R. – CONTINUOUS WITH ROUGH E.R. BUT LACKS RIBOSOMES – FUNCTIONS SYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS STORAGE OF CALCIUM IONS (NEEDED FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION) SMOOTH E.R. IN THE LIVER – CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF SUGAR – BREAKDOWN/DETOXIFIES DRUGS AND OTHER HARMFUL SUBSTANCES » YOU CAN GROW MORE SMOOTH E.R.?? » THIS EXPLAINS DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANCE!!!

A TOUR OF THE CELL GOLGI APPARATUS (COMPLEX/BODY) – SERIES OF FLATTENED SACS – NOT INTERCONNECTED

A TOUR OF THE CELL GOLGI APPARATUS – ACTS AS “SHIPPING WAREHOUSE” – CHEMICALLY MODIFIES PROTEINS PRODUCED BY E.R., THEN SENDS THEM TO THEIR SPECIFIC DESTINATIONS

A TOUR OF THE CELL LYSOSOMES – “BREAKDOWN BODY”, CONTAINS HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES

A TOUR OF THE CELL LYSOSOMES – DIGEST TINY FOOD PARTICLES, BACTERIA, BUSTED ORGANELLES (HELPS RECYCLE PARTS) – ENZYMES MUST BE KEPT INSIDE MEMBRANE, OR ELSE!!!!

A TOUR OF THE CELL Harrison Ford and Brendan Fraser star in "Extraordinary Measures."

A TOUR OF THE CELL ENZYMES MUST BE KEPT INSIDE MEMBRANE, OR ELSE!!!! – ABNORMAL LYSOSOMES CAN CAUSE LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES POMPE’S DISEASE TAY-SACH’S DISEASE

A TOUR OF THE CELL VACUOLES – MEMBRANOUS SACS THAT HAVE VARIOUS FUNCTIONS (SHAPES AND SIZES) CENTRAL VACUOLE FOOD VACUOLE CONTRACTILE VACUOLE

A TOUR OF THE CELL THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

A TOUR OF THE CELL CHLOROPLASTS – PHOTOSYNTHESIZING ORGANELLES THAT CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY TO CHEMCIAL ENERGY

A TOUR OF THE CELL MITOCHONDRIA – CONVERT CHEMICAL ENERGY (SUGAR) INTO USEABLE ENERGY (ATP)

A TOUR OF THE CELL CYTOSKELETON – A SUPPORTIVE STRUCTURE OF FINE FIBERS THREE MAJOR TYPES OF FIBERS – MICROFILAMENTS – MICROTUBULES – INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

A TOUR OF THE CELL

CILIA AND FLAGELLA

A TOUR OF THE CELL CILIA AND FLAGELLA – BASAL BODIES – DYNEIN ARMS

A TOUR OF THE CELL CELL JUNCTIONS – DEFINITION?? – 3 MAJOR TYPES IN ANIMAL CELLS ANCHORING TIGHT GAP (COMMUNICATING) – 1 TYPE IN PLANT CELLS PLASMODESMATA

A TOUR OF THE CELL PLASMODESMATA

A TOUR OF THE CELL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX – STICKY LAYER OF GLYCOPROTEINS IN WHICH CELLS ARE EMBEDDED

A TOUR OF THE CELL MANUFACTUREENERGY PROCESSINGBREAKDOWNSUPPORT/MOVEMENT/ COMMUNICATION PEROXISOMES FOUR MAJOR FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES FOR EUKARYTOIC CELLS

A TOUR OF THE CELL THE CELL MEMBRANE!!!

A TOUR OF THE CELL THE CELL MEMBRANE ONLY STARTS A NEW CHAPTER IN OUR LEARNING!!!