LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY Sixth Edition David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox © 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company CHAPTER 8 Nucleotides and Nucleic.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Standard IV-2 DNA, RNA and Proteins

Advertisements

Chapter 10 Table of Contents Section 1 Discovery of DNA

Section C Properties of Nucleic Acids

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information. Nucleic Acid Structure What structural features do DNA and RNA share? What structural features do DNA and.

NUCLEIC ACIDS Journey to the tiny world of DNA. Nucleic Acids  Organic molecules, include C, H, O, N and P elements.  Have various roles in metabolic.

Nucleotides and Nucleic acid. Structure of Nucleotide.

Review: Proteins and their function in the early stages of replication 1 = initiator proteins 2 = single strand binding proteins 3 = helicase 4.

DNA replication, transcription, the genetic code, and translation.

2.7 DNA Replication, transcription and translation

1 2 Nucleic Acid History 3 Nucleic Acid Structure.

DNA. DNA is… DNA is… –Your genetic code –What tells your cells which proteins to make and when to make them –The code that makes up your genes –Located.

DNA Past Paper Questions. 1. Draw as simple diagram of the molecular structure of DNA. 5 marks.

FROM GENE TO PROTEIN: TRANSCRIPTION & RNA PROCESSING Chapter 17.

DNA Biology Lab 11. Nucleic Acids  DNA and RNA both built of nucleotides containing Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) Nitrogenous base (ATCG or AUCG) Phosphate.

1 Vocabulary Review Nucleic Acids. 2 Enzyme that unwinds & separates the DNA strands Helicase.

RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 9 & 10.1 Review

Chapter 8.2: Nucleic Acid Structure

DNA STRUCTURE page What are the monomers of the nucleic acids?

Molecular Biology (Foundation Block) The central dogma of molecular biology Nucleotide chemistry DNA, RNA and chromosome structure DNA replication Gene.

KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.

CHAPTER 12 STUDY GUIDE MATER LAKES ACADEMY MR. R. VAZQUEZ BIOLOGY

Molecular Biology I-II The central dogma of molecular biology Nucleotide chemistry DNA, RNA and Chromosome Structure DNA Replication Gene Expression Transcription.

歐亞書局 PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY Chapter 8 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids.

BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW Overview of Biomolecules Chapter 12 Transcription.

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc The Genetic Material Must Exhibit Four Characteristics.

NUCLEIC ACIDS (2).

Lecturer: 譚賢明助理教授 Office: 醫學大樓十樓生科系 B 區 Phone: 5067 Textbook: Stryer’s Biochemistry (6 th ed.) (Chapters 4, 5, 28-31) Lewin’s Cells (Chapters 5 & 6) 分子細胞生物學.

(CHAPTER 9- Brooker Text) Molecular Structure of DNA & RNA Sept 9 & 11, 2008 BIO 184 Dr. Tom Peavy.

Protein Synthesis Review By PresenterMedia.com PresenterMedia.com.

DNA Replication Notes. DNA Replication DNA must be copied DNA must be copied The DNA molecule produces 2 IDENTICAL new complementary strands following.

Lecture 4: Transcription in Prokaryotes Chapter 6.

Chap. 8. Problem 1. Hydrogen bonds can potentially be formed to each of the four nitrogen atoms in a purine ring (N-1, N-3, N-7, and N-9). Since N-1 is.

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are: Polymeric macromolecules. Have high molecular weight. Made from monomers known as nucleotides. There function is encoding,

Nucleotides and nucleic acids Nucleotides: small molecules –Components of nucleic acids –Energy storage (eg. ATP) –Signal transduction/info transfer (eg.

RiboNucleic Acid (RNA) -Contrast RNA and DNA. -Explain the process of transcription. - Differentiate between the 3 main types of RNA -Differentiate between.

DNA and RNA Structure Biochemistry Connection: How is structure related to function?

Chapter 8 Section 8.4: DNA Transcription 1. Objectives SWBAT describe the relationship between RNA and DNA. SWBAT identify the three kinds of RNA and.

1 Advanced Biochemistry 高等生化學 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 陳威戎.

Molecular Biology - I Dr. Sumbul Fatma Clinical Chemistry Unit Department of Pathology.

DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene

SC.912.L.16.3 DNA Replication. – During DNA replication, a double-stranded DNA molecule divides into two single strands. New nucleotides bond to each.

Structure of Nucleic Acids

DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene

Molecular Genetics Transcription & Translation

Central Dogma Regulation of Gene Expression Genetic Exchange

Biochem Handout #4: Nucleic Acids

DNA The Molecule of Life.

Molecular biology (1) (Foundation Block).

The Information of LIFE

Gene Expression Gene: contains the recipe for a protein

From DNA to Proteins Transcription.

Reminder-four classes of large biomolecules

DNA Test Review.

BIO201 FALL 2017 Introduction to Biochemistry & Biotechnology

C O C C C C Phosphate group P Nitrogenous base Sugar (ribose or

Reminder-four main classes of large biomolecules

Chapter 10 Table of Contents Section 1 Discovery of DNA

Transcription Chapter 10 Section 1a.

DNA structure and gene expression

KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.

Reminder-we recognize four classes of large biomolecules

Protein Synthesis: Transcription

DNA Structure & Replication Chapter 12

Chapter 5 Genetic control of protein structure and function

Unit 7: Molecular Genetics

Compare DNA and RNA in terms of structure, nucleotides and base pairs.

DNA, RNA, & Proteins Vocab review

Molecular biology (1) (Foundation Block).

Presentation transcript:

LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY Sixth Edition David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox © 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company CHAPTER 8 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Cellular Processes DNA RNA (mRNA) Proteins LipidsCarbohydrates replication transcription translation

Structure of Nucleotides

Phosphodiester linkages in the covalent backbone of DNA and RNA

Hydrolysis of RNA under alkaline conditions

Absorption spectra of the common nucleotides

Hydrogen bonding between complementary DNA strands

Watson – Crick model for the structure of DNA

Certain DNA sequences adopt unusual structures

A single DNA strand with self complementary sequences can form a hairpin structure

Double stranded DNA with self complementary sequences can form a cruciform structure

Hoogsteen base pairs form in triplex DNA A single strand of DNA, typically a string of pyrimidines, hydrogen bonds in the major groove of a double-stranded DNA Red strand is in the major groove

Four DNA strands containing a high proportion of guanosines can form a G tetraplex

Cellular Processes DNA RNA (mRNA) Proteins LipidsCarbohydrates replication transcription translation

mRNA molecules can be monocistronic (containing one gene) or polycistronic (containing multiple genes) In eukaryotes most mRNAs are monocistronic In prokaryotes many mRNAs are polycistronic

Secondary structure of RNA

M1 RNA component of the enzyme Rnase P of E. coli

Reversible denaturation and annealing (renaturation) of DNA

When DNA is denatured the melting point is when half of the DNA is present as separated single strands The greater the G-C content, the higher the melting point (t m )

Electron micrograph showing partially denatured DNA Red arrows indicate regions of high A-T content, which denature first

Spontaneous loss of an exocyclic amino group is deamination Around 100 times per day in a cell

Nitrous acid (HNO 2 ) promotes deamination reactions

Hydrolysis of the bond between the base and the ribose creates an apurininc site in DNA Around 10,000 times per day in a cell

Pyrimidine dimers are induced by exposure to UV light

Nucleotides found in biomolecules