Presented to: By: Jay M Flowers Date: Federal Aviation Administration Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam FAASTeam NORTH DAKOTA Flight Review: CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations

2 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration

3 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Topics for Discussion: Legal Interpretations The impact you have on aviation Flight Review – What is expected of the Instructor What to consider before giving a review Instructor responsibilities Practical tests and areas of weakness

4 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Regulation Interpretation: Certificate Holder is responsible for understanding and operating within all applicable aviation regulations. If you are not sure of a regulations intent…ask.

5 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration A review of the Local and National Accident and Incident data tells us what the aviation population needs to be working on to increase safety and reduce the overall reportable rate.

6 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration North Dakota Accident Causal Factors ANALYSIS STATEMENT: Chart information derived from NTSB data. A.(18) Landing – Loss of Control B.(15) Pilot Error/Decision Making C. (8) CFIT D. (6) Mechanical Failure (FY 2007 an undetermined loss of power, and a failure of the emergency landing gear system, and FY2009 an engine loss of power) E. (3) Takeoff – Loss of Control F. (3) Maintenance Error (FY2007 (1) Aircraft serviced with improper fuel, and (1) aircraft was serviced with fuel contaminated with water; FY2009 (1) Improper installation of tail boom assembly) G. (1) Struck animal (bird)

7 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Loss of Control was the number one Accident Type… (4) failed to maintain directional control in wind, (1) inadequate landing flare, (1) Helicopter – Inadequate recovery from an autorotation and CFI’s delayed remedial action. Ten of the eighteen accidents (55.5%) were due to a failure to maintain directional control. Five of eighteen accidents (27.7%) were due to inadequate flare on landing.

8 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Error and Decision Making… (3) due to hard landing; (1) Loss of airspeed and subsequent stall: (1) Failed to use an adequate runway: and (1) Failed to abort the takeoff after a noticeable power loss. Three of fifteen accidents (20%) were attributed to failure to extend the landing gear. Four of fifteen (26.6%) were due to inadequate preflight.

9 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Remaining Causal factors… Controlled Flight Into Terrain (8) Mechanical Failure (6) Loss of Control on Take-Off (3) Maintenance Error (3) Struck and Animal (1)

10 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Nationally This is What we see…____ TOP TEN GA ACCIDENT CAUSES

11 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Nationally This is What we see…____ TOP TEN CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

12 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration The Top Ten contributing factors for the Top Ten fatal accident causes: Failure to maintain airspeed Loss of situational awareness Preflight planning Intentional disregard Flight crew experience Distraction Drugs/alcohol Spatial disorientation Failure to recover from an unusual attitude Pilot fatigue Which of these factors can you evaluate during a flight review?_________________

13 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration As Flight Instructors we… Directly influence the safety of aviation.

14 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration As Flight Instructors we are… Given the opportunity to assess a pilot’s knowledge and ability to perform safe flight operations, and to provide recurrent training to correct those areas in which a deficiency is identified.

15 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration “…the flight review is an industry managed, FAA-monitored currency program” AC61-98B – Currency Requirements and Guidance for the Flight Review and IPC

16 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR States that… … the person giving the flight review has discretion to determine maneuvers and procedures necessary for the pilot to demonstrate “safe exercise of the privileges of his/her pilot certificate.”

17 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration

18 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration One day the airman is standing around and….

19 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Flight Instructors call to action!___

20 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Time to Prepare Starts NOW!_______ Ask questions!! DO NOT WAIT UNTIL THE DAY OF THE REVIEW TO ASK THE AIRMAN ABOUT…

21 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Pre-Review Considerations:________ Type of Equipment to be Flown –One aircraft may not cover all aircraft.

22 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration

23 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Pre-Review Considerations:_______ Aircraft complexities. Aircraft use or commonly used may be preferred Tailwheel vs. Tricycle gear Hot Air vs. Glider Consider which complexity to review. You may have to review operations in more than one aircraft type.

24 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration What could possibly happen? That guy hasn’t flown float planes for years.

25 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration

26 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration With proper training, this could have been prevented!

27 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Nature of Flight Operations –Consider airspace –Everyday flying –Weekend or once a month flyer (local only) –Night Flight Keep in mind that an airman’s certificate entitles them to operate anywhere in the US. Pre-Review Considerations:_______

28 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Amount and Recency of Flight Experience –Review the Airman’s log book –Time since last flight –Total time since last review –Night time –Instrument Time –Short field and crosswind operations –Towered airports –Type of Aircraft flown –Mountain Flying – Density Altitude considerations Pre-Review Considerations:_______

29 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Disabilities –Color Blind –Other Disability –Special Medical Pre-Review Considerations:_______

30 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Instructor Qualifications –Aircraft Type(s) Minimum time in type as listed in (d-g) –Airman’s Certificate equivalent Light Sport Category and Class –If IPC – IFR Currency Aircraft equipment –databases Pre-Review Considerations:_______

31 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Plan of Action:___________________ Plan of Action must: –Be in writing –Plan must be practiced, rehearsed, and refined –Accomplish the task plus –Include your course of action, the standard with which you will meet qualifications, and the resolve or outcome for both completion and/or failure of the task.

32 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration As we were taught in Scouts… “Be Prepared...” the meaning of this motto is that a scout must prepare himself by previous thinking out and practicing how to act on any accident or emergency so that he is never taken by surprise.

33 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Preparation should include:______ Scenario based training Normal and abnormal procedures Flight Planning Complete Weather Briefing Thorough Pre and Post Flight Risk assessment and management Safe training environment

34 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Agreement on the Conduct of the Review: –Discuss the time required to accomplish –Assign the Airman any reading or flight planning necessary to the POA

35 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Planning and Recording the Review:_

36 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Pilot Deviations –Airborne Planning and Recording the Review:_

37 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Planning and Recording the Review:_ Pilot Deviations –Ground –Runway Incursions –Sterile Cockpit

38 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Review of Maneuvers and Procedures: Discuss your POA and what you expect the outcome must be. All “Special Emphasis” items listed in the Airman’s grade PTS should be part of the review. Limit the amount of instruction given

39 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration

40 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Remember: Our responsibility as flight instructors is to train and check to the highest level of proficiency. The PTS outlines the Minimum Standard Only!

41 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration A Note on record keeping… In the event that a tragic accident befalls an airman you have reviewed and endorsed… –Expect the FAA to contact you and request information regarding the training you provided. –Expect to prove what was covered and what the outcome was. How do we do that!

42 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Logbook Entries: The airman’s logbook may be the only evidence of what was accomplished during the review. Record everything! Accomplished, failed, or if the airman lacks the proficiency and skill necessary to receive a flight review endorsement. DO NOT SIGN OFF THE REVIEW UNTIL THE AGREED UPON STANDARD HAS BEEN MET!!

43 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Summary: Legal Interpretations The impact you have on aviation Flight Review – What is expected of you as an Instructor What to consider before giving a review Instructor responsibilities Endorsing the outcome

44 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration For more Information Contact: Fargo, North Dakota Flight Standards District Office Flight Standards District Office

45 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration FLIGHT STANDARDS DISTRICT OFFICE Fargo, North Dakota 4620 Amber Valley Parkway Fargo, ND

46 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Program Managers for North Dakota: Jay M Flowers FAASTeam Program Manager Operations, North Dakota Fargo FSDO (701) Jeffry Boe FAASTeam Program Manager Airworthiness, North Dakota and South Dakota Fargo FSDO (701)

47 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration The Great Lakes Region FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam) values your input. We would appreciate your feedback using the following link: ers_offices/avs/stakeholder_feedback/afs/field/

48 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration

49 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Recognizes outstanding individuals in their field roles of promoting aviation safety, education and professionalism

50 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Winners will be recognized: Locally Regionally Nationally. National winners will be recognized during: EAA AirVenture in Oshkosh Winners will receive gifts and merchandise provided by sponsors and contributors.

51 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Contact your local FAASTeam Program Manager or Flight Standards District Office for further information. Jay M. Flower FAASTeam, OPS Or Jeffry R. Boe FAASTeam, AWS Or FLIGHT STANDARDS DISTRICT OFFICE Fargo, North Dakota / 4620 Amber Valley Parkway Fargo, ND

52 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration This Years Sponsors:______________ Aircraft Electronics Association Aviation Maintenance Technician Society Aircraft Owners and Pilot’s Association Aeronautical Repair Station Association Experimental Aircraft Association Federal Aviation Administration General Aviation Manufacturers Association National Business Aviation Association National Association of State Aviation Officials Society of Aviation & Flight Educators Professional Aviation Maintenance Association Women in Aviation International

53 Federal Aviation Administration CFI Responsibilities & Pilot expectations 1/11/2016 Federal Aviation Administration Applications are available at:_______ - and -