Absolute Monarchs Section 2 – Russia Unit 9 Absolute Monarchs Section 2 – Russia

Russia Separated from Europe Culture and Geographically Influenced by Mongols/Asian Landlocked - No warm water ports Had not experienced The Renaissance The Reformation The Scientific Revolution Still stuck in the Middle Ages

Eastern Orthodox not Roman Catholic Services in Greek or Russian Religion Eastern Orthodox not Roman Catholic Services in Greek or Russian Czar claims authority over church Divorce is can be allowed Different Alphabet – Cyrillic Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Ivan the Terrible Ivan IV came to power in 1533 3 years old Struggled for power over boyars Landowning nobility Tried to control him At 16, seized control and declared himself Czar The ‘Good Period’ 1547 – 1560 Good leader, code of laws, added lands (50 miles a day)

Ivan the Terrible “Bad Period” – after 1560 1st Wife Anastasia died Accused boyars of poisoning, turned against them Created his own secret police force To hunt traitors Dressed all in black Executed many boyars and peasants Forced nobles to loyal to him or lose land

Ivan the Terrible 1581 – Killed oldest son & heir Left only weaker son to rule He also dies After Ivan’s death, 1584, Period of unrest =‘Time of Troubles’ Boyars fought for power Neighboring countries invaded For 30 years, over 50 claim throne 1613 Representatives from Russian National Assembly met Chose new Czar, Michael Romanov Ivan’s Grandnephew Romanov’s rule Russia for next 300 years, till 1917

Romanov’s Powerful wealthy family Tried to build the power of the Czar Suppressed religious protests Absolute Rulers – restored order 1682 Peter I, age 10, shared power With half brother and half sister 1689 Peter became sole leader of Russia

Peter The Great Peter I = Peter the Great Russia’s greatest reformer Increased power of the czar, could be ruthless Wants to make Russia great and more like Europe Knew Russia needed a warm water port. One port, Archangel, frozen much of the year

Peter the Great Peter increased his powers Reorganized Russia Improved Army Training & Weaponry Peter increased his powers To be able to ‘force’ change Brought the church under his control Reduced power of the landowners Recruited able men from lower classes Gave them lands, got their loyalty Service Nobility – Rank tied to Service

Peter the Great 1697 – Embarks on ‘Grand Embassy’ Long visit to Europe To learn about customs and industrial techniques First time Russian leader had traveled to west. Kept his identity a secret. Dressed as locals, worked and learned skills Visited Netherlands, England, Austria Cont’d to inspired Peter to make Russia more like Europe Militarily and commercially Brought back scientists and Artisans

Peter the Great 1700-1721 War with Sweden for warm water port Won area on Baltic Sea Creates city of St. Petersburg Moves capital from Moscow Orders Nobles to move there Like Louis XIV

Peter the Great - Westernization Russia had a lot to learn Military Hired European officers Trained soldiers Military became a lifetime job. Peter had to impose heavy taxes to pay for this. Commercially Hired 700 engineers, shipbuilders, mathematicians to teach Government Modeled govt. after Louis XIV

Peter the Great Westernizing continued 1725 - Peter Dies Introduced potatoes, became staple crop Russia’s first newspaper Raised Status of Women Ordered nobles to dress in Western European clothes Ordered to cut off beards 1725 - Peter Dies Succeeded in making Russia an European power. Did not complete westernization Series of weak rulers starting with his 2nd wife Catherine I till……..

Catherine the Great Married to Peter III, PTGs Grandson Ruled from 1762 -1796 Supported .. The Arts, Sciences, Literature and Theatre Most Russians poor – No changes Continued Peter’s plan of Westernization Most Important contribution Foreign Policy

Catherine the Great Continued Expansion Successful war against the Turks Control of northern shore of Black Sea Now two warm water ports Partitioning of Poland Poland weak – internal struggles 1772 – Russia, Austria and Prussia 1793 – Prussia and Russia 1795 – Russia, Prussia and Austria Split rest of Poland No longer on the Map – till 1919

End Russia