Chapter 6 Life in the Industrial Age
dynamo: A machine that generates electricity (generator) interchangeable parts: Identical components that could be used in place of one another to improve efficiency. assembly line: Workers add to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next. stock: Shares in the company that are sold to investors. corporation: Businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock. cartel: A group of corporations who joined forces to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets
Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads Essential Question: How did science, technology, and big business promote industrial growth?
New Industrial Powers Emerge Germany, France and US have more coal, iron and other resources Used British ideas and Inventions, then tried to improve them 2 leaders: US and Germany Slower countries: lacked resources & capital, had unstable gov’ts Most needed for industry: natural resources
What factors led to the industrialization of other nations after Britain? Other nations had abundant supplies of natural resources Were able to use the ideas and technology that Britain developed
Technology Sparks Industrial Growth
Bessemer: Becomes symbol of 2nd IR Companies start to hire people whose develop products/ideas Chemicals- aspirin, soaps, fertilizers, dynamite (Nobel) Electricity- replaces steam power by 1890’s Faraday: created 1st electric motor and dynamo (generator) Edison creates 1st electric light bulb
New methods of production Interchangeable parts Assembly line
How did technology help industry expand? Scientists develop new products and technology Steel production Dynamite Dynamo (electricity/generator) Interchangeable parts Assembly line
Transportation Advances Steamships replaced sail Railroads: Transcontinental & Trans-Siberian Automobile Nikolaus Otto: internal combustion engine 1866 Germans began: Benz, Daimler Henry Ford=mass production Airplanes Internal combustion=sustained flight 1903 Orville & Wilbur Wright first flight in Kitty Hawk, NC
Communication Advances Samuel Morse - Morse Code 1844 Electric cables were run across Atlantic 1860s Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone 1876 Guglielmo Marconi – radio, 1890
How did technical advances in transportation and communications affect the Industrial Revolution? Changed the way people lived People could travel faster and farther by steamships, railroad, car, and airplanes. Communication on a national and international level by telegraph, telephone, and radio.
Business Takes a New Direction Corporations develop (investors own stock & many people own a company) Increases available capital, more industry Monopolies develop Cartels: groups of companies that get together and fix/set prices call for regulation Captains of Industry or Robber Barons
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Why were big business leaders “captains of industry” to some, but “robber barons” to others?” Some believed that captains of industry created economic benefits Others thought the robber barons exploited consumers and free enterprise.
Section 1 Essential Question How did science, technology, and business promote industrial growth? Write 6 sentences: 2 sentences on each of the three categories, include the vocabulary terms
How did science, technology, and business promote industrial growth? Science Inventions: medicines, fertilizers, dynamite New technology: Steel production/Bessemer Process, transportation (trains, autos, planes) communication (Morse, telephone, radio) Power sources: Electric power replaces steam, electric dynamo (generators and transformers) Business Production: interchangeable parts, assembly line, transportation Practices: stocks, giant corporations, cartels, & regulation.