AP Biology AP Biology John D. O’Bryant School of Mathematics and Science September 25, 2012

AP Biology Agenda  Do Now (Quiz)  Little Mito (discussion)  Cells and Organelles  Lecture/Discussion  Video clip: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Membrane  Video clip: Organelles in the Cytoplasm

AP Biology Do Now (Quiz)  1. Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?  A) phospholipids and cellulose B) nucleic acids and proteins C) phospholipids and proteins D) proteins and cellulose E) glycoproteins and cholesterol

AP Biology Do Now (Quiz)  2. Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is correct?  A) cell wall: support, protection B) mitochondria: chief sites of cellular respiration C) chromosomes: cytoskeleton of the nucleus D) ribosomes: secretion E) lysosomes: formation of ATP

AP Biology Do Now (Quiz)  3. Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?  A) peroxisomes B) desmosomes C) gap junctions  D) extracellular matrix E) tight junctions

AP Biology Do Now (Quiz)  4. Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?  A) lipids B) starches C) proteins D) steroids E) glucose

AP Biology Do Now (Quiz)  5. Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes?  A) a cell that is secreting proteins B) a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes C) a cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix D) a cell that is digesting food particles E) a cell that is enlarging its vacuole

AP Biology Do Now (Quiz)  6. Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted by the cell?  A) lysosome B) vacuole C) mitochondrion D) Golgi apparatus E) peroxisome

AP Biology Cells & Cell Organelles Doing Life’s Work

AP Biology  Function  works on proteins  helps complete the proteins after ribosome builds them  makes membranes  Structure  rough ER  ribosomes attached  works on proteins  smooth ER  makes membranes Endoplasmic Reticulum

AP Biology lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins ER  works on proteins  makes membranes

AP Biology transport vesicles vesicles carrying proteins  Function  finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins  like UPS headquarters  shipping & receiving department  ships proteins in vesicles  “UPS trucks”  Structure  membrane sacs Golgi Apparatus

AP Biology cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins ER  helps finish proteins  makes membranes Golgi apparatus  finishes, packages & ships proteins lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling

AP Biology DNA RNA ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Golgi apparatus vesicle protein on its way! protein finished protein Making Proteins TO: nucleus

AP Biology  Function  separates cell from outside  controls what enters or leaves cell  O 2, CO 2, food, H 2 O, nutrients, waste  recognizes signals from other cells  allows communication between cells  Structure  double layer of fat  phospholipid bilayer  receptor molecules  proteins that receive signals Cell membrane lipid “tail” phosphate “head”

AP Biology cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals cytoplasm  jelly-like material holding organelles in place mitochondria  make ATP energy from sugar + O 2 nucleus  protects DNA  controls cell ribosomes  builds proteins ER  helps finish proteins  makes membranes Golgi apparatus  finishes, packages & ships proteins lysosome  food digestion  garbage disposal & recycling vacuole & vesicles  transport inside cells  storage centrioles  cell division

AP Biology central vacuole  storage: food, water or waste mitochondria  make ATP in cellular respiration chloroplast  make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis cell wall  support cell membrane  cell boundary  controls movement of materials in & out  recognizes signals Golgi apparatus  finish & ship proteins nucleus  control cell  protects DNA endoplasmic reticulum  processes proteins  makes membranes lysosome  digestion & clean up ribosomes  make proteins cytoplasm  jelly-like material around organelles nucleolus  make ribosomes

AP Biology 3. Cells need to make more cells!  Making more cells  to replace, repair & grow, the cell must…  copy their DNA  make extra organelles  divide the new DNA & new organelles between 2 new “daughter” cells  organelles that do this work…  nucleus  centrioles

AP Biology Centrioles  Function  help coordinate cell division  only in animal cells  Structure  one pair in each cell

AP Biology  Cells have 3 main jobs  make energy  need food + O 2  cellular respiration & photosynthesis  need to remove wastes  make proteins  need instructions from DNA  need to chain together amino acids & “finish” & “ship” the protein  make more cells  need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells Cell Summary Our organelles do all those jobs!

AP Biology That’s my cellular story… Any Questions?