The Skeletal System Chapter 6

Structure and Function of the Skeletal System Lesson 1

Do Now Read I.C.E “Broken Bones” Answer: 1.  List and describe 3 types of fracture. 2. When should fracture be suspected? 3. Describe the 4 steps of bone repair

Functions of the Skeleton Support Protection Produce blood cells in the red marrow All fetal bones have red marrow, only certain adult bones have red marrow Store minerals and fat Ca, P, yellow marrow) Movement

Types of Bones Long: longer than wide Short: cube Flat Irregular: round

Long Bones Periosteum Epiphysis: expanded portions at ends of the bone Continuous with ligaments and tendons Connective tissue covering Protection Blood vessels Epiphysis: expanded portions at ends of the bone Diaphysis: between epiphyses Medullary cavity Inside shaft (diaphysis) Stores yellow marrow (fat) Articular cartilage: hyaline where bones meet at a joint

In class assignment Exercise 5.2 worksheet

Homework Text pg. 125-126 “Study Questions” # 1-5

Bone Composition Lesson 2

Do Now What is an example of a short bone? A flat bone? Fill in the blank: At both ends of a long bone is an expanded portion called an ____________; the portion between them is called the _______________.

Red Bone Marrow Found in long bones Site of hematopoiesis: red blood cell (RBC) formation Location: Skull Ribs Sternum Vertebrae Ends of long bones

Compact/Cortical Bone Dense, outer surface of the bone Osteocytes: bone cells Canaliculi: bring O2 and nutrients to osteocytes Central canal Contains blood vessels and nerves Connect osteocytes

Spongy Bone Cancellous Lighter Compact Strong Can withstand stress

Bone Growth Osteoprogenitor: unspecialized cells Osteoblasts: Build/form bones Osteocytes: mature bone cells Osteoclasts Found in red bone marrow Break down bone to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream Bone Growth

Ossification Formation of bone Intramembranous: bone develops between fibrous connective tissue Ex: skull Endochrondral: cartilage breaks down and lays down spongy bone which thickens and becomes compact Epiphyseal plate band of cartilage between primary and secondary ossification sites Rate of growth is controlled by hormones When the plates close growth stops

In class assignment Long bone worksheet

Cranium Lesson 3

Do Now Take out bone structure worksheet Chapter 21 Study guide worksheet

Axial Appendicular Cranium (head) Vertebrae (spinal column) Thoracic bones (ribs) Upper limbs Pelvis (hip bone) Lower limbs

Cranium Immovable joints 6 bones 1 frontal 2 parietal 1 Occipital 2 temporal Newborns have fontanels which are not fused

Frontal: forehead, nose, eyesockets Parietal: sides of head Occipital: posterior of skull Foramen magnum: hole for spinal cord Occiptal condyle: rounded on sides of foramen magnum Attaches to c1 Temporal: inferior to parietal

Temporal External acoustic meatus: ear canal Mandibular fossa: meets jaw Mastoid process: attaches to neck muscles Styloid process: attaches tongue and larynx Zygomatic process: cheekbone Sphenoid bone: floor of cranium near eyes, butterfly shape Sella turcica: pituitary gland depression Ethmoid bone: anterior to sphenoid, floor of cranium, forms nasal cavity Crista galli: triangle attachment for brain membranes Cribriform plate: holes for nerves and nose sensors Perpendicular plate: forms superior nasal septum Superior middle nasal conchae: increases nasal cavity, attaches nasal mucous membranes

In class assignment Labeling diagrams

Parietal Frontal Nasal Coronal Structure Squamous Structure Sphenoid Sphenoid Temporal Lacrimal Zygomatic ethmoid Nasal Vomer Maxilla Mandible

Coronal Structure Parietal Frontal Squamous Structure Temporal Sphenoid Lambdoidal Structure ethmoid Lacrimal Occipital Accoustic Meatus Nasal Zygomatic Mastoid Process Maxilla Zygomatic Arch Styloid Process Mandible Zygomatic

Homework Text pg. 126 “Study Questions” # 6

Facial Bones Lesson 4

Do Now Video: The Skull Point out the following bones/sutures on the skeleton: Coronal suture Temporal bone Frontal bone Lacrimal bone Occipital bone Zygomatic arch Sphenoid bone Mandible/Maxilla Parietal bone

Facial Bones 2 Maxillae: upper jaw Vomer bone: 2 Zygomatic bones: Palantine process: roof of mouth Alveolar process: tooth sockets 2 Zygomatic bones: Cheekbones Zygomatic arch 2 Lacrimal bones: Between the eyes/nose Holes for tear ducts 2 Nasal Bones: Bridge of nose Cartilage Vomer bone: inferior position of nasal septum Joins ethmoid bone and perpendicular plate 2 Inferior nasal conchae: Lateral walls of nasal cavity Mandible: lower jaw/chin Mandibular condyle: attaches to temporal bone Coronoid process: chewing muscle attachment

Hyoid Bone Superior to larynx Does not articulate with any other bone Suspended Anchors tongue and swallowing muscles

In class assignment Skull labeling diagrams page 13 & 14 of packet