FOOD SECURITY & WATERSHED MANAGEMENT By Jessica Calfoforo Salas Lower Jalaur Stakeholders’ Assembly September 27, 2005

1. Define Watershed

2. Farming & Food Security A century of growth Keys to agricultural productivity  Irrigation (continuing technology devt)  Chemical fertilizer (1847)  Plant breeding (1860)  Dwarfing cereals (1880)  Hybrid (1917)  GMO

Trade modernization:  Inter-continental exchange of crops  Diversity of modern diet  Food Processing END OF THE CENTURY RESULT:  HIGH PRODUCTIVITY- (1 US FARMER FEEDS 96 OTHERS)  841 MILLION HUNGRY  HUNGER IN THE MIDST OF PLENTY

3. Modern Farming System and LAND CHART GRAIN AREA PER PERSON

4. Modern Farming System And WATER Two distinct eras of the century – irrigation expanded faster than population ha irrigated area per person 48 million hectares irrigated area – irrigation lagged behind population. 6% drop in irrigated area/person or million hectares irrigated area (3x inc.)

Graph world irrigated area / person

1990, Evidence of water scarcity North China plain India U.S. Central Asia Water table drops 5 ft/year Yellow River dried up for first time in 3000 years in In 1997, it failed to reach the sea. Water withdrawals 2x aquifer recharge Colorado river rarely reach Gulf of California One of two river systems to Aral sea dried up, shrinking the Sea

STRATEGIC THREAT to Earth’s Water System 1. Change in people’s relationship to the earth. 2. Global warming. 3. Massive change in land use pattern 4. World wide contamination of water resources with chemical pollutants. 5. Rapid population growth.

5. Dysfunctional Farming vs. Transformational Farming

Why dysfunctional farming? More food does not mean food security Food output used as sole measure of agricultural success Mass food policy Wildlife populations decline Water deficits

Farmers contribute to widespread ecological problems –Contamination of waterways –Biodiversity decline –Spread of toxic chemicals –Climate change “The strongest evidence that our food system is dysfunctional is the fact that farmers are the poorest people on the planet.”

Why transformative farming? 10,000 years ago agriculture was a transformation of nature “Free” biological services –Nitrogen-fixing plants –Nutrient cycling abilities of soil microbes & insects

Agro-ecology – intimate understanding of ecological interactions in the farm landscape Use of local resources and local knowledge Recognizing the wisdom of traditional rice farming –Sustainable rice intensification –Using Various methods –Rainfed agriculture –Tazas or rice hole

6. RECOMMENDED OPTIONS Strengthen local economy Ecological farming “Ecological farming technique depends on location-specific knowledge and adaptation.” Integrated Watershed Management Water Pricing

Integrated Watershed Management

A paradigm shift in watershed management From a limiting forest management to – Integrated Watershed Management  Integrated Water Resource Management  Localized Watershed Management  Community-anchored Watershed Management  River Basin Reference

Understand the Integration of Natural Systems Between land and water use Between surface water and ground water Between water quantity and quality Between upstream and downstream Between the freshwater system and the coastal waters IWRM

Mainstreaming water in the national economy Ensuring coordination between sectors Ensuring partnership between public and private sector management Involving everybody IWRM

Recognizing the dimensions for Sustainable Development Natural Economic Political Social Cultural Human Spiritual SIAD

Organizing for Localized Watershed Management Use topographic map to define the watershed Identify ecological zones within the watershed Determine LGU boundaries using an overlay Explore with neighboring LGUs possibility of working together in the same watershed Prepare action program towards a memorandum of agreement

COMMUNITY ANCHORED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Significant Environment Education Base Village/Barangay Information Centers Watershed Delineation, cooperation of municipalities within the boundaries Community/Barangay Mapping Watershed Framework & Strategic Plans

Targeting at the Village/Barangay Annual Investment Plan Integration in the Municipal Annual Investment Plan Implementation at the Village level/ Monitoring at the Municipal/ Provincial/ Watershed levels Evaluation at all levels

USING THE RIVER BASIN AS REFERENCE POINT The whole river basin may be the same area for watershed management, especially in small islands. Use the span of management and capability to define area to be managed. In the few long river basins in the country, several areas may be defined for localized watershed management. Good working relationship with another LGU should be the basis for cooperation, not exactly to cover all areas in the basin or island.

5. AN INTEGRATIVE EXPERIENCE: THE TIGUM- AGANAN WATERSHED

WATERSHED MAP

The Tigum Aganan River Board Officers: Maasin LGU, Chair Pavia LGU, Vice Kahublagan Sang Panimalay Foundation, Secretary Central Philippine University, Treasurer Phil. Information Agency, Province, Info Officer Members: Leon LGU Alimodian LGU Sta. Barbara LGU Cabatuan LGU Irrigators’ Association Katilingban Sang mga Pumuluyo sa Watershed-Maasin

Technical Working Group PASU-DENR MIWD DPWH NIA PIA CENRO CPU SBIFL KAPAWA KSPFI LGU representatives: Maasin Cabatuan Sta Barbara Pavia Iloilo San Miguel Alimodian Leon

LEGAL BASES Creation of Provincial Watershed Mgt Council – Ordinance , dated Creation of River Boards or local watershed council – Memorandum of Agreement among LGUs and major stakeholders. Barangay Information Centers – Local Government Code

Barangay Information Centers NAME OF BICNO. OF BICs NO. OF MEMBERS BUDGETINITIATIVES TPLANTI NG River bank CBFMSWMliveliho od Gardeni ng LEON ,000.00X XXXX STA. BARBARA ,000.00XX XXX MAASIN ,000.00XXXXXX CABATUAN ,000.00XX XXX SAN MIGUEL ,700.00XX XXX PAVIA511339,000.00XX X X ILOILO CITY 2274, XXX DECS ,000.00XX XXX ALIMODIAN ,000.00XXXXXX TOTAL701,4741,411,700.00